Introduction to HSDPA Scheduler

-UMTS Radio Network Planning & Optimization Dept

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Contents

 HSDPA Scheduler’s Structure

 HSDPA Scheduling Algorithm
 HS-SCCH Power Control Algorithm
 AMC Algorithm
 HARQ Algorithm
 HSDPA power allocation methods
 HSDPA code allocation methods
 The Features of HSDPA scheduler
 Q&A
 HSDPA Scheduler’s Structure
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Wireless Resource calculation

HSDPA power HSDPA code

calculation module calculation module

HS-SCCH power
reservation
module

CQI Adjusment Module

Priority Calculation Module

HS-SCCH Power Control Module

TFRC Module
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Four Algorithms are included:

 PF (Proportional Fairness)
 RR (Round Robin)
 MAX-C/I
 GBR

Generally, PF、RR、MAX-C/I can be used when only I/B

traffic exist. GBR can be used when I/B/S mixture traffic
exist.
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 PF：it always schedules the UE which has the biggest

instantaneous throughput/mean throughput. The fairness
and throughput could be adjusted according to operator’s
requirement.
 RR：it always schedules the UE which lies in the head of
queue, then move this scheduled UE to the last.
 MAX-C/I：it always
schedules the UE which
has the largest C/I or CQI.

 W1、W2、W3 denote
respectively the
different fairness’ PF
algorithm
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 PF、RR、MAX-C/I field trial result:

Alog Throughput（Kbps）

UE1（far） UE2（far） UE3（near） UE4（near） CELL（total）

RR 361 369 841.6 836.4 2408

PF1 421.4 411.7 939.3 937.4 2709.8

PF2 308.7 322.3 1150 1120 2901

PF3 213.8 240.8 1290 1250 2994.6

PF4 164.8 184 1380 1360 3088.8

PF5 111.1 132 1490 1460 3193.1

PF6 74 90 1510 1550 3224

MaxC/I 0 0 1670 1680 3350

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 The figure of above data:

Throughput vs Algorithm

4000
Throughput[kbps]

3500
UE1
3000
2500 UE2
2000 UE3
1500 UE4
1000
CELL
500
0
RR
PF1
PF2
PF3
PF4
PF5
PF6
MaxC/I
Algorithm
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GBR algorithm：this algorithm is designed to schedule I/B/S

mixture traffic，it combines M-LWDF algorithm and Token
algorithm, it considers two QoS parameters, i.e.,GBR and
DiscardTimer . The priority formula is below:

w(TB j ,n ) TB j ,n / 2 dToken _ HOL, j

Priority j (n)=f(SPI j )  
rj ( n) DiscardTime
f(SPI j )
: denots the j user’s weight of different
Scheduling Priority Indicator.
w(TB j , n ) :adjusts the fairness and throughput through it.

TB j , n :denotes the instantaneous throughput.

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dToken _ HOL ,n :denotes the delay of j user’s virtual token.

Its input and output is described as figure
below.
GBR
rj ( n)
:denotes the mean
throughput of j user.
Token barrel

UE data
rate
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 Simulation result of GBR algorithm: in case of below 5%

unsatisfied user probability, cell throughput is about
1.3Mbps, about 10~11 UE with 128kbps GBR service.

cell layout:19cell,57sector;3km velocity,UE uniform distribution,14codes and 65% HSDPA power

50

45

40 GBR=128Kbps;DiscardTimer=4 second
Unsatisfied user probability [%]

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600
HS-DSCH throughput [kbps]
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 The characteristic of GBR algorithm:

• Soft priority adjustment: when UE data rate decreases to
below GBR, scheduler increases gradually the UE’s
priority, it can obtain more bigger multiuser diversity gain,
i.e., support more streaming user.
• Relative scheduling priority: SPI is used for indicating UE
scheduling priority, first we may map SPI to a weight,
then, multiply priority formula by the weight.
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Two methods:

 HS-SCCH Power control Based on CQI

Calculate HS-SCCH power according to each UE’s
CQI and MPO value every 2ms TTI.

 HS-SCCH Power control associated with DPCCH

PILOT
Calculate HS-SCCH power according to each UE’s
DL-DPCCH PILOT power value every 2ms TTI.
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 HS-SCCH Power control Based on CQI

Node B
Target BLER MPO

HS-SCCH

Outer loop Inner loop HSDPA UE

CQI
ACK/NACK/DTX
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 HS-SCCH Power control Based on CQI

 Inner loop power calculation:

 Es   Es 
PHSSCCH  PCPICH     MPO 8   
 0  HS  SCCH
N  0  HS  DSCH
N

 Es 
   4.5  CQI
 N0  HS  DSCH

 Es 
  = 1.2db
 N0  HS SCCH
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 HS-SCCH Power control Based on CQI

 Outer loop power calculation:

Because ACK/NACK denotes HS-SCCH decoding

succeedes, however DTX denotes HS-SCCH decoding
fails. So it is reasonable to adjust HS-SCCH power
according to DTX/ACK/NACK.
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 HS-SCCH Power control associated with DPCCH PILOT
Node B
Target BLER

HS-SCCH

Outer loop Inner loop HSDPA UE

TPC
ACK/NACK/DTX

 P_HS-SCCH = P_DL-DPCCH + delta

Delta is controled by outer loop.
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 The method based on CQI have a great deal of
advantage, i.e., because CQI always denotes channel
quality, whether UE is Non-SHO or SHO (Soft Hand
Over) ,while DPCCH is not like that.
 So HS-SCCH power control based on CQI is strongly
recommended. The figure below is got from field trial,
target mean value is 3%.

12
10
8
6 系列1
4
2
0
1 17 33 49 65 81 97 113 129 145 161 177 193 209 225 241 257 273 289 305 321 337 353 369 385 401 417 433 449 465 481 497
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 AMC theory:
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 AMC(Adaptive Modulation Coding): According to

CQI、MPO、UE capacity、available power and
codes、data buffer size and BLER, HSDPA
scheduler smartly selects transmission format and
allocates power/codes resources.
HS-DSCH
Data Buffer Size
BLER

AMC

CQI Adjustment
Module

Adjusted CQI
Aailable HS-DSCH power

Transmmsion
Format Selction
Aailable HS-DSCH codes

MPO Power/Codes
Allocation
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 AMC algorithm’s basic link level results:

Simulation condition: RAKE receiver,AWGN channel.

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 AMC Algorithm’s characteristic:

• Steady BLER
• Higher throughput and power/codes efficiency,
especially for unbalanced power and codes case,
because expanded TB tables has been included.
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 HARQ types:
• HARQ type 1: the same block is retransmitted and
optimum combining at the bit level is performed. This is
Chase Combining (CC).
 Systematic Bits  Parity Bits

 P1  P2

 1.TX

 2.TX
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 HARQ types:
• HARQ type 2: Full IR (FIR) with non self-decodable
retransmissions allowed. Optimum combining is
performed for bits already transmitted.
 Systematic Bits  Parity Bits

 P1  P2

 1.TX

 2.TX
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 HARQ types:
• HARQ type 3: Partial IR (PIR) with self-decodable
retransmissions only. Optimum combining is performed for
bits already transmitted (for instance systematic bits).

 Systematic Bits  Parity Bits

 P1  P2

 1.TX

 2.TX
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 HARQ types:
• For 16QAM, constellation rearrangment may be available
to balance the bit reliability.
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 HARQ combination program:

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 CC/PIR/FIR performance

• In case of higher code rate, FIR is better than

PIR, and PIR is better than CC.
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HARQ Algorithm 7/7
 RV parameter selection:
CR: code rate; CA: constellation rearrangement.

Type 1st TX 2nd TX 3rd TX 4th TX

QPSK/low 0 0(CC) 0(CC) 0(CC)

CR
QPSK/high 0 1(FIR) 0(CC) 0(CC)
CR

16QAM/low 0 4(CC+CA) 6(CC+CA) 5(CC+CA)

CR
16QAM/me 0 2(PIR+CA) 6(CC+CA) 5(CC+CA)
dia CR

16QAM/hig 0 3(FIR+CA) 6(CC+CA) 5(CC+CA)

h CR
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HSDPA power allocation methods
 HSDPA and R99 share the total power.

Dynamic HSDPA power Static HSDPA power

• In case of dynamic HSDPA power,Margin power may be about

2%, i.e., 98% cell total power may be used in ZTE system.
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HSDPA code allocation methods
 RNC dynamic code allocation

SF=16

SF=16

• Black ring: Common Channel codes

• Blue ring: R99 codes
• Pink ring: HSDPA codes
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Features of HSDPA scheduler
 Support PF、RR、MAX C/I、GBR scheduling algorithm.
• PF algorithm can adjust fairness and throughput.
• GBR algorithm consists of M-LWDF + Token, its soft priority
promotion could make the cell capacity maximize.
 HS-SCCH power control based on CQI, and outloop power
control has been added.
 Flexible AMC algorithm make steady BLER and high
power/codes efficiency.
 The best RV parameter selection make high retransmission
efficiency.
 Dynamic HSDPA total power allocation make high cell
power efficiency.
 Dynamic HSDPA codes allocation make high code
efficiency.