x 16 -7 -46 -5 46 -31 -20

y -8 -7 -6 -46 -2 -20 0
Y

x
 To find the domain, we need to identify
particular values of x that can cause the function to
“misbehave” and exclude them as valid inputs to
the function.
The values of x that can result in the following
conditions are not included in the domain of the
function.

1. getting a denominator of zero (Why?)

2. having to get the square root of negative number(Why?)
 To find the range is a bit trickier than
finding the domain. I encourage you to sketch
some of the basic functions by hand.

Either way, it is crucial that you have a

good idea of how the graph looks like in order
to correctly describe the range of the
function.
Example: Find the domain and range
1. f(x)=x+5 of the following functions.

2. f(x)= 𝒙 + 𝟏 1. f(x)=𝒙𝟑 + 𝟒𝒙

𝟏 2. f(x)= 𝒙
3. f(x)=
𝒙−𝟏

𝟑𝒙
3. f(x)=
𝒙+𝟒
4. f(x)= 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗
Functions can often be used to model real situations,
identifying an appropriate functional model will lead to a
better understanding of various phenomena.

Example 1:
Give a function C that can represent the cost of buying
x meals, if one meal costs P40.
Example 2:
One hundred meters of fencing is available to enclose
a rectangular area next to a river (see figure on the
right). Give a function A that can represent the area
that can be enclosed in terms of x
.
Piecewise functions
Some situations can only be described by more than one
formula, depending on the value of the independent
variable.

Example 3.
A user is charged P300 monthly for a particular mobile
plan, which includes 100 free text messages. Messages in
excess of 100 are charged P1 each. Represent the
monthly cost for text messaging using the function t(m),
where m is the number of messages sent in a month.
Example 4.
A jeepney ride costs P8.00 for the first 4 kilometers,
and each additional integer kilometer adds P1.50 to
the fare. Use a piecewise function to represent the
jeepney fare in terms of the distance (d) in kilometers.