BANGLADESH

BANGLADESH  area: 147,000 km2

 2014 population: 159,025,764
 global rank: 8th
 agrarian country; rapid
urbanization and economic
transformation
 by 2004, the level of
urbanization had increased to
nearly 25% and the contribution
of the agricultural sector to GDP
had decreased to less than 20%
 current urban population is
estimated at 38 million and is
expected to reach 74 million by
2035
BANGLADESH
Components of Urban Growth
 a high natural increase in urban population
 territorial extension of existing urban areas and a change
in the definition of urban areas
 rural-to-urban migration- contributes 40% of national
urban population change in 1974 –1981
BANGLADESH
spatial imbalance in urbanization
urban centers are widely distributed
4 largest metropolitan areas: Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna, and
Rajshahi
contain over 56% of the total urban population of the country
concentration is also lopsided in terms of economic activities.
BANGLADESH
has a unitary form of government
six administrative divisions under a divisional commissioner
or chief administrator
1982: 64 districts
below the district levels are the upazilas/ thanas (507)
below the level of thana are 4,484 rural microareas known as
unions and 59,990 villages
BANGLADESH
Problems of Urban Development
a weak economic base in most towns and cities
inadequate urban utility services
insufficient transport facilities and poor management of traffic
inadequate education, health, and recreation services
housing problems
deteriorating environmental conditions in cities and towns
deteriorating law and order situation
social problems (child abuse, oppression of women)
problems related to the preservation of socio-cultural heritage
BANGLADESH
 Root Causes of Urban Problems:
1. Absence of urban planning
2. Lack of financial resources
3. Weak implementation of plans

 Ineffectual Urban Governance:

1. Lack of accountability or transparency
2. Inefficiency on the part of those responsible for governance
3. Lack of awareness and the absence of organized movements
among ordinary people
 GOOD PRACTICE CASE STUDIES
Chittagong City Corporation
2nd largest city
Population: 4M
the principal seaport of the country and
the 2nd most important industrial
center
40% of the country’s heavy industries
and 20% of the export-oriented
garment industries
 GOOD PRACTICE CASE STUDIES
Chittagong City Corporation
History of Development:
1960s - Chittagong Development
Authority
the urban local government unit
responsible for overall governance
however, there were limitations set
by the City Corporation Ordinance
 GOOD PRACTICE CASE STUDIES
Chittagong City Corporation
Mayor Mohiuddin Chowdhury
pro-people approach
projects financially self-sustaining
GOOD PRACTICE

Good Governance ⁄
Urban Management
Infrastructure/Service Provision ⁄
Financing and Cost Recovery
Sustainability
Innovation and Change
Leveraging ODA
 GOOD PRACTICE CASE STUDIES
Chittagong City Corporation
Garbage Disposal and Activities of
Shebok
clean and green city
(2002-2003)
 GOOD PRACTICE CASE STUDIES
Chittagong City Corporation

Environmental Protection and Improvement

1. tree-planting program
2. establishment of a CNG plant
 GOOD PRACTICE CASE STUDIES
Chittagong City Corporation
Educational Institutions
“We know that education is the backbone of a nation, but
we have around 50% of our population who are still
illiterate. So, we have undertaken programs to encourage
all people to send their children to primary schools.”
(Chowdhury 2005)

CCC operates 6 kindergarten schools, 2 primary schools,

41 secondary schools, 8 girls colleges, 5 computer
institutes/colleges, 1 health technology institute, 1
midwifery institute, and a university named Premier
University
 GOOD PRACTICE CASE STUDIES
Chittagong City Corporation
Health Service
established 6 maternity hospitals and 60 health-care centers
started six health centers in the evening shift
operates a TB Clinic, Expanded Program on Immunization,
leprosy program, HIV/AIDS program, school health
program, adolescent health education, disaster management
program, orphanage, and other services
CCC is planning to establish a referral hospital, medical
college, HIV/AIDS screening hospital, cancer hospital, and a
home for the aged in the city.
 GOOD PRACTICE CASE STUDIES
Chittagong City Corporation
Disaster Management
Cyclones, storm surges, floods, and earthquakes
Awareness programs as well as infrastructure to cope with
such events
held motivational programs on various occasions to generate
awareness among the public and to develop adequate
preparedness regarding earthquake disaster risk mitigation
 GOOD PRACTICE CASE STUDIES
Chittagong City Corporation
City Pharmaceuticals Factory
establishment of a pharmaceutical factory to support its
hospitals and health-care centers by providing cheap, good
quality medicines and supplies
 GOOD PRACTICE CASE STUDIES Chittagong City
Corporation
Water for the Poor
Chittagong Water and Sewerage Authority (C-WASA)-
drinking water supplies
unable to provide water to all, especially the poor in low-
income areas and slums
CCC supplies water to such areas in mobile tankers at fixed
pts (130 pts)
Infrastructure/Service Provision
 GOOD PRACTICE CASE STUDIES
Chittagong City Corporation
Lessons Learned
The innovative ventures of the mayor of Chittagong have
shown that drive and dynamism often help overcome
limitations
Municipal services are meant for the people
All CCC projects are designed not only to serve the people but
also to be financially viable.
THANK YOU!