ทำดี ไ ด ด

้ ี
 กลุ่ ม ทำดีไ ด ด
้ ี
(ข อ้ 3 )
• นำยอิงคร ัต บัวแก ้ว รหัสนักศึกษำ
59-010316-2009-8
• นำยร ังสิธร ดิลกร ัตนำกร รหัสนักศึกษำ
60-010316-2106-6
• น.ส.อภิษฐำ ทองแพง รหัสนักศึกษำ 60-
010316-2109-1
• น.ส.พรพิมล อภิวงศ ์ รหัสนักศึกษำ
 PROBLEM 3
Aniline is produced by the hydrogenation of
nitrobenzene with hydrogen gas. A small amount
of cyclohexyl amine is also produced as a by-
product. A stream of nitrobenzene along with four
times the stoichiometric quantity of hydrogen is
fed to the reactor with 0.5 mole% of inert gas. A
single-pass conversion of nitrobenzene is 96% and
the yield of aniline is 95%. The effluent from the
reactor is then fed to a separator all the liquid
 REQUIRE
a) What is the molar flow rate of hydrogen and
nitrobenzene?
b) What is the overall conversion of hydrogen?
c) What is mass and molar composition of the product
stream from the reactor?
d) What is the recycle to fresh feed ratio?
e) What is the mass flow rates of hydrogen and
nitrobenzene in the fresh feed, if 2,250 kg/h of the
สมกำรในกำรเกิด Aniline จำกกระบวนกำร
Hydrogenation of nitrobenzene
• 𝐶6 𝐻5 𝑁𝑂2 + 3𝐻2 𝐶6 𝐻5 𝑁𝐻2 +
2𝐻2 𝑂
สมกำรในกำรเกิด Cyclohexyl amine จำก
กระบวนกำร Hydrogenation of nitrobenzene
• 𝐶6 𝐻5 𝑁𝑂2 + 6𝐻2 𝐶6 𝐻11 𝑁𝐻2 +
2𝐻2 𝑂
วิเ ครำะห ์ PROCESS SPECIFICATION
จำก process specification I
% single pass conversion of nitrobenzene = 96%
จำกกำร Basis Nitrobenzene ขำเข ้ำ Reactor =
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶6 𝐻5 𝑁𝑂2
100
ℎ𝑟
% single pass conversion of nitrobenzene =
(input – output)
× 100%
input
วิเ ครำะห ์ PROCESS SPECIFICATION
(input – output)
จะได ้ 96 = × 100%
input
(100 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
ℎ𝑟
– output)
96 = 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 × 100%
100 ℎ𝑟
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶6 𝐻5 𝑁𝑂2
∴ 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 = 4
ℎ𝑟

ข ้อสรุปแรก ถ ้ำ Feed 𝐶6 𝐻5 𝑁𝑂2 100

𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 ่ ้ by product 2 ตัว
จะเกิดปฏิก ิรยิ ำทีได
ℎ𝑟
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
เพียง 96
ℎ𝑟
วิเ ครำะห ์ PROCESS SPECIFICATION
จำก process specification II
% yield of aniline = 95%
mol – product real
จำก 95 = × 100%
mol – product ideal
Convert 100%

mol – product real

95 = 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 × 100%
100 ℎ𝑟
วิเ ครำะห ์ PROCESS SPECIFICATION
ตำม Reaction ถ ้ำ
่
Feed ภำยใต ้เงือนไข Convert 100%
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
แสดงว่ำ ถ ้ำ Feed 𝐶6 𝐻5 𝑁𝑂2 = 100
ℎ𝑟
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
จะเกิด 𝐶6 𝐻5 𝑁𝐻2 = 100
ℎ𝑟
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
∴ 𝑚𝑜𝑙 − 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝐶6 𝐻5 𝑁𝐻2 = 95
ℎ𝑟

่
ข ้อสรุปทีสอง จำกข ้อสรุปแรกทำให ้ทรำบว่ำ จะเกิด by product 2 ตัว
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐶6 𝐻5 𝑁𝐻2 = 95
ℎ𝑟
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐶6 𝐻11 𝑁𝐻2 = 1
ℎ𝑟
วิเ ครำะห ์ PROCESS SPECIFICATION
จำกกำรวิเครำะห ์ process specification II
ที่ Feed เข ้ำ Reactor
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐶6 𝐻5 𝑁𝑂2 = 100
ℎ𝑟

𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐻2 ในกำรผลิต 𝐶6 𝐻5 𝑁𝐻2 ใช ้ 𝐻2 = 95 × 3 = 285
ℎ𝑟
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
ในกำรผลิต 𝐶6 𝐻11 𝑁𝐻2 ใช ้ 𝐻2 = 1 × 6 = 6
ℎ𝑟

∴ ใช ้ 𝐻2 ในกำรผลิต 𝑏𝑦 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡(𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡) = 285 × 4

𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
= 1140
ℎ𝑟
MOLECULAR SPECIES BALANCE
Degree of
Freedom

7 unknown variables (ṅ1, Y, ṅ6 ,

𝑛𝑎4 , 𝑛𝑑4 , 𝑛𝑒4 , 𝑛𝑓4 )
2 reactions
- 6 species

= 3 Degree of Freedom
MOLECULAR SPECIES BALANCE
Degree of
Freedom
7 unknown variables
(𝑛𝑐2 , 𝑛𝑎3 , 𝑛𝑏3 , 𝑛𝑐3 , 𝑛𝑑3 , 𝑛𝑒3 , 𝑛𝑓3)
2 reaction
-6 species
-2 specification

= 1 Deegree Of freedom
MOLECULAR SPECIES BALANCE
Degree of
Freedom

11 unknown variables
(na3,nb3,nc3,nd3,ne3,nf3,na4,nd4,ne4,nf4,ṅ5)
- 6 species
= 5 Degree of Freedom
MOLECULAR SPECIES BALANCE
Degree of
Freedom
3 unknown variables (ṅ5, ṅ6, ṅ7)
- 2 species
= 1 Degree of Freedom

4 unknown variables (ṅ7, Y, ṅ1, 𝑛𝑐2 )

- 3 species
= 1 Degree of Freedom
MOLECULAR SPECIES BALANCE
Steady state
Accumulation = Input + generation - output
- consumption
Input + generation = output + consumption
FROM REACTION I

𝐶6 𝐻5 𝑁𝑂2 + 3𝐻2 𝐶6 𝐻5 𝑁𝐻2 + 2𝐻2 𝑂

Initial 100 1140 0

0
Change -95 -285 +95
+190
Final 5 855 +95
+190
FROM REACTION II

𝐶6 𝐻5 𝑁𝑂2 + 6𝐻2 𝐶6 𝐻11 𝑁𝐻2 + 2𝐻2 𝑂

Initial 5 24 0
0
Change -6 -6 +1
+2
Final 4 18 1
2Unconvert of Nitrobenzene
MOLECULAR SPECIES BALANCE
Input + generation = output + consumption
Reaction ; C6H5NO2 ṅa3 = 100 – 96
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
=4
ℎ𝑟
H2 ṅb3 = 1140 -291
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
= 849
ℎ𝑟
N2 ṅc2= ṅc3
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
C6H5NH2 ṅd3=95 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
H2O ṅf3 =192𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
ℎ𝑟
C6H11NH2 ṅe3 = 1 ℎ𝑟
ℎ𝑟
Input + generation = output + consumption
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
Separator ; C6H5NO2 ṅa3 = ṅa4= 4
ℎ𝑟
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
H2 ṅb3 = 0.95ṅ5 ; ṅ5 = 893.684
ℎ𝑟
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
N2 ṅc3 = 0.05ṅ5 ; ṅc3 = 44.7
ℎ𝑟
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
C6H5NH2 ṅd3 = ṅd4 = 95
ℎ𝑟
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
C6H11NH2 ṅe3 = ṅe4 = 1
ℎ𝑟
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
H2O ṅf3 = ṅf4 = 192
ℎ𝑟

𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
จำก ṅc2= ṅc3 = 44.7
ℎ𝑟
Input + generation = output + consumption

Over all ; H2 0.995ṅ1 = 0.95 ṅ6 -291 (1)

0.005ṅ1 = 0.05 ṅ6
ṅ1 = 10 ṅ6

แทนลง (1)
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
ṅ6 = 32.33 ṅ1 = 323.3
∴ ℎ𝑟 ∴ ℎ𝑟
Input + generation = output + consumption
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
Mixing point ; 𝐶6𝐻5𝑁𝑂2 ṅa1 = 100
ℎ𝑟
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
; Total balance 323.33 + 100 + ṅ7 = 1284.7
ℎ𝑟

𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
∴ ṅ7 = 861.37
ℎ𝑟

100 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐶6 𝐻5 𝑁𝑂2

Y = = 0.236
100+323.33 ℎ𝑟
Input + generation = output + consumption
CHECK!!
Purge point ; Total balance ṅ5 = ṅ6 + ṅ7
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
จำกกำร ทำ balance ที่ separator จะได ้ 𝑛ሶ 5 = 893.684 ℎ𝑟
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
จำกกำร ทำ balance ที่ overall จะได ้ 𝑛ሶ 6 = 32.33 ℎ𝑟
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
จำกกำร ทำ balance ที่ mixing point จะได ้ 𝑛ሶ 7 = 861.37 ℎ𝑟

∴ 893.684 = 32.33+861.37
ATOMIC SPECIES BALANCE
Degree of
Freedom

+ 7 unknown variables (ṅ1, Y, ṅ6 , ṅa4 ṅd4 ṅe4

ṅf4)
- 4 atomic balance (C,H,N,O)

= 3 Degree of Freedom
ATOMIC SPECIES BALANCE
Degree of
Freedom

+ 7 unknown variables
(𝑛𝑐2 , 𝑛𝑎3 , 𝑛𝑏3 , 𝑛𝑐3 , 𝑛𝑑3 , 𝑛𝑒3 , 𝑛𝑓3)
- 4 atomic balance (C,H,N,O)
- 2 specification
= 1 Degree of Freedom
ATOMIC SPECIES BALANCE
Degree of
Freedom

11 unknown variables
(na3,nb3,nc3,nd3,ne3,nf3,na4,nd4,ne4,nf4,ṅ5)
- 6 species
= 5 Degree of Freedom
ATOMIC SPECIES BALANCE
Degree of
Freedom
+ 3 unknown variables (ṅ5, ṅ6, ṅ7)
- 2 species
= 1 Degree of Freedom

+ 4 unknown variables (ṅ1, Y, ṅc2, ṅ7)

- 3 species
= 1 Degree of Freedom
ATOMIC SPECIES BALANCE
C6H5NO2 + 3H2 C6H5NH2 + 2H2O
(1)
C6H5NO2 + 6H2 C6H11NH2 + 2H2O
•
(2)
𝐶 𝐻 𝑁𝑂 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 96 %
6 5 2

𝑛𝑎3 = 100 1 − 0.96 = 4 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙

• 𝐶6 𝐻5 𝑁𝐻2 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 = 95 %
𝑛𝑑3 × 100 %
%yield = 𝑛
𝑑3 (𝐶6𝐻5𝑁𝑂2 100% 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛)

𝑛𝑑3 × 100 %
95 = 100 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝑛𝑑3 = 95 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
ATOMIC SPECIES BALANCE
Steady state
Accumulation = Input + generation - output
C - consumption
Balanc Input = output
e
6 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶
4 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶6𝐻5𝑁𝑂2
1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶6𝐻5𝑁𝑂2
6 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶 6 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶
100 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶6𝐻5𝑁𝑂2 = + 95 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶6𝐻5𝑁𝐻2
1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶6𝐻5𝑁𝑂2 1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶6𝐻5𝑁𝐻2

6 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶
+ 𝑛𝑒3 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶6𝐻5𝑁𝑂2 1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶6𝐻5𝑁𝑂2

𝑛𝑒3 = 1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
ATOMIC
O
SPECIES BALANCE
Balanc Input = output
e

2 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂
2 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂 4 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶6𝐻5𝑁𝑂2
100 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶6𝐻5𝑁𝑂2 = 1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶6𝐻5𝑁𝑂2
1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶6𝐻5𝑁𝑂2
1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂
+ 𝑛𝑓3 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2𝑂 1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2𝑂

𝑛𝑓3 = 192 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙

ATOMIC SPECIES BALANCE
่ ำปฏิก ิรย
• คิด H2 ทีท ิ ำพอดีกบ
ั
• Overall Balance I
• สมกำร (1) H2 ใช้ 95x100 =
Input = Output
285 kmol
ṅc1 = 0.05ṅ6
• สมกำร (2) H2 ใช้ 1x6 = 6
(2910 + 0.95ṅ6)(0.005)
kmol =
1−0.005
• ใช้ H2 พอดีตำมสตอยด ์ = 0.05ṅ6
291 kmol ṅ6 = 32.33
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
• Overall Balance H2 ℎ𝑟
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
ṅb1 = (32.33)(0.95)
Input = Output + ℎ𝑟
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
Consumption ṅb1 = 321.714
ℎ𝑟
ṅc1 = 0.95ṅ6 + 291 ṅc1 = 1.617
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
ℎ𝑟
ATOMIC SPECIES BALANCE
• feed H2 from recycle
ṅb7 = 1140 − 323.33 = 816
• I Balance
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 Input = Output
ℎ𝑟 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
ṅc3 = 44.6
816.67(0.05) ℎ𝑟
ṅc7 = =
0.95

𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
42.983
ℎ𝑟

𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
ṅ7 = ṅb7+ṅc7 =859.653
ℎ𝑟

𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
ṅc2 = ṅc1+ṅc7 =44.6
ℎ𝑟
ATOMIC
H
SPECIES BALANCE
Balanc Input = output
e
5 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻
4𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶6 𝐻5 𝑁𝑂2
1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶6 𝐻5 𝑁𝑂2

7 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻
5 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻 + 95 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶6 𝐻5 𝑁𝐻2
100 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶6 𝐻5 𝑁𝑂2 1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶6 𝐻5 𝑁𝐻2
1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶6 𝐻5 𝑁𝑂2
= 13 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻
+ 1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶6 𝐻11 𝑁𝐻2
2 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻 1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶6 𝐻5 𝑁𝐻2
+1140 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2
1 𝐻2
2 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻
+𝑛𝑏3 𝐻2
1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2

2 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻
+192 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂
1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂

𝑛𝑏3 = 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
849
ATOMIC SPECIES BALANCE
C6 H5 NO2 Balance Input = output
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
4 = 𝑛ሶ 𝑎4
ℎ𝑟

𝑛ሶ 𝑎4 = 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
4
ℎ𝑟
ATOMIC SPECIES BALANCE
C6 H5 NH2 Balance Input = output
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
95 = 𝑛ሶ 𝑑4
ℎ𝑟

𝑛ሶ 𝑑4 = 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
95
ℎ𝑟
ATOMIC SPECIES BALANCE
C6 H11 NH2 Balance Input = output
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
1 = 𝑛ሶ 𝑒4
ℎ𝑟

𝑛ሶ 𝑒4 = 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
1
ℎ𝑟
ATOMIC SPECIES BALANCE
H2 O Balance Input = output
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
192 = 𝑛ሶ 𝑓4
ℎ𝑟

𝑛ሶ 𝑓4 = 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
192
ℎ𝑟

𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑛ሶ 4 = 4 + 95 + 1 + 192 = 292
ℎ𝑟
ATOMIC SPECIES BALANCE
H2 Balance Input = output
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
849 = 𝑛ሶ 𝑏5
ℎ𝑟

𝑛ሶ 𝑏5 = 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
849
ℎ𝑟
ATOMIC SPECIES BALANCE
Inert Gas (N2 ) Balance Input = output
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
44.532 = 𝑛ሶ 𝑐5
ℎ𝑟

𝑛ሶ 𝑐5 = 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
44.532
ℎ𝑟

𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑛ሶ 𝟓 = 849 + 44.532 = 893.532
ℎ𝑟

849 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2 44.532 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐼

𝑦𝑏5 = = 0.95 และ 𝑦𝑐5 = = 0.05
893.532 𝑚𝑜𝑙 893.532 𝑚𝑜𝑙
ATOMIC SPECIES BALANCE
C6 H5 NO2 Balance Input = output

𝑛ሶ 𝑎1 = 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
100
ℎ𝑟

𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑛ሶ 1 = 𝑛ሶ 𝑎1 + 𝑛ሶ 𝑏1 + 𝑛ሶ 𝑐1 = 100 + 321.714 + 1.6086 = 423.323
ℎ𝑟
EXTENT OF REACTION
Degree of
Freedom

+ 7 unknown variables (ṅ1, Y, ṅ6 ,

𝑛𝑎4 , 𝑛𝑑4 , 𝑛𝑒4 , 𝑛𝑓4 )
+ 2 reaction (ξ1, ξ2)
- 6 species

= 3 Degree of Freedom
EXTENT OF REACTION
Degree of
Freedom

+ 7 unknown variables
(𝑛𝑐2 , 𝑛𝑎3 , 𝑛𝑏3 , 𝑛𝑐3 , 𝑛𝑑3 , 𝑛𝑒3 , 𝑛𝑓3)
+ 2 reaction
- 6 species
- 2 specification
= 1 Degree of Freedom
EXTENT OF REACTION
Degree of
Freedom

11 unknown variables
(na3,nb3,nc3,nd3,ne3,nf3,na4,nd4,ne4,nf4,ṅ5)
- 6 species
= 5 Degree of Freedom
EXTENT OF REACTION
Degree of
Freedom
+ 3 unknown variables (ṅ5, ṅ6, ṅ7)
- 2 species
= 1 Degree of Freedom

+ 4 unknown variables (ṅ7, ṅ1, Y, 𝑛𝑐2 )

- 3 species
= 1 Degree of Freedom
EXTENT OF REACTION
𝑁𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑁𝑖𝑛 + ෍ 𝑉𝜉

Reaction ; C6H5NO2 a3 = 100 – ξ1 – ξ2

H2 b3 = 1164 -3ξ1 -6ξ2
N2 c2= c3
C6H5NH2 d3= 0+ ξ1 ;
ξ1=95

C6H11NH2 e3 = 0ξ+ ξ ;
2 =1 2
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
H2O f3 = 0 + 2 ξ1 + 2ξ2 ; f3= 192
ℎ𝑟

𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
จะได ้ a = 4 b = 849
Input + generation = output + consumption
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
Separator ; C6H5NO2 ṅa3 = ṅa4= 4
ℎ𝑟
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
H2 ṅb3 = 0.95ṅ5 ; ṅ5 = 893.684
ℎ𝑟
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
N2 ṅc3 = 0.05ṅ5 ; ṅc3 = 44.7
ℎ𝑟
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
C6H5NH2 ṅd3 = ṅd4 = 95
ℎ𝑟
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
C6H11NH2 ṅe3 = ṅe4 = 1
ℎ𝑟
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
H2O ṅf3 = ṅf4 = 192
ℎ𝑟

𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
จำก ṅc2= ṅc3 = 44.7
ℎ𝑟
Input + generation = output + consumption

Over all ; H2 0.995ṅ1 = 0.95 ṅ6 -291 (1)

0.005ṅ1 = 0.05 ṅ6
ṅ1 = 10 ṅ6

แทนลง (1)
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
ṅ6 = 32.33 ṅ1 = 323.3
∴ ℎ𝑟 ∴ ℎ𝑟
Input + generation = output + consumption
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
Mixing point ; 𝐶6𝐻5𝑁𝑂2 ṅa1 = 100
ℎ𝑟
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
; Total balance 323.33 + 100 + ṅ7 = 1284.7
ℎ𝑟

𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
∴ ṅ7 = 861.37
ℎ𝑟

100 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙𝐶6 𝐻5 𝑁𝑂2

Y = = 0.236
100+323.33 ℎ𝑟
Input + generation = output + consumption
CHECK!!
Purge point ; Total balance ṅ5 = ṅ6 + ṅ7
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
จำกกำร ทำ balance ที่ separator จะได ้ 𝑛ሶ 5 = 893.684 ℎ𝑟
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
จำกกำร ทำ balance ที่ overall จะได ้ 𝑛ሶ 6 = 32.33 ℎ𝑟
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
จำกกำร ทำ balance ที่ mixing point จะได ้ 𝑛ሶ 7 = 861.37 ℎ𝑟

∴ 893.684 = 32.33+861.37
FLOW CHART SCALING
• For the assumed basis of 100 mole feed of Nitrobenzene to reactor, the
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶6𝐻5𝑁𝐻2 93 kg 𝑘𝑔
production rate of aniline is ṅd3 = 95 = 8835 C6H5NH2
ℎ𝑟 1kmol ℎ𝑟
𝑘𝑔
• To scale the process to an aniline production rate of 2250
ℎ𝑟

• We multiple each total and component molar flow rate by the factor

2250𝑘𝑔 𝐶6𝐻5𝑁𝐻2Τℎ𝑟
=
8835𝑘𝑔 𝐶6𝐻5𝑁𝐻2Τℎ𝑟
= 0.254
∴ Scale Ratio = 0.254
FLOW CHART SCALING
• The mole fraction remain unchanged by the scaling. The result follow.
Variable Basis value Scale value

Fresh feed 9385.62 𝑘𝑔 𝐶6𝐻5𝑁𝑂2Τℎ𝑟 2383.94 𝑘𝑔 𝐶6𝐻5𝑁𝑂2Τℎ𝑟

643.43 𝑘𝑔 𝐻2Τℎ𝑟 163.43 𝑘𝑔 𝐻2Τℎ𝑟
145.262 𝑘𝑔 𝑁2Τℎ𝑟 36.13 𝑘𝑔 𝑁2Τℎ𝑟

Feed to reactor 12300𝑘𝑔 𝐶6𝐻5𝑁𝑂2Τℎ𝑟 3124.2 𝑘𝑔 𝐶6𝐻5𝑁𝑂2Τℎ𝑟

2280 𝑘𝑔 𝐻2Τℎ𝑟 579.12 𝑘𝑔 𝐻2Τℎ𝑟
1251.6 𝑘𝑔 𝑁2Τℎ𝑟 317.754 𝑘𝑔 𝑁2Τℎ𝑟

Product from reactor 492 𝑘𝑔 𝐶6𝐻5𝑁𝑂2Τℎ𝑟 124.968 𝑘𝑔 𝐶6𝐻5𝑁𝑂2Τℎ𝑟

1698 𝑘𝑔 𝐻2Τℎ𝑟 499.872 𝑘𝑔 𝐻2Τℎ𝑟
1251.6 𝑘𝑔 𝑁2Τℎ𝑟 317.9064 𝑘𝑔 𝑁2Τℎ𝑟
8835 𝑘𝑔 𝐶6𝐻5𝑁𝐻2Τℎ𝑟 2244.09 𝑘𝑔 𝐶6𝐻5𝑁𝐻2Τℎ𝑟
99 𝑘𝑔 𝐶6𝐻11𝑁𝐻2Τℎ𝑟 25.146 𝑘𝑔 𝐶6𝐻11𝑁𝐻2Τℎ𝑟
3456 𝑘𝑔 𝐻2𝑂Τℎ𝑟 877.824 𝑘𝑔 𝐻2𝑂Τℎ𝑟
REQUIRE
(A) WHAT IS THE MOLAR FLOW RATE
OF HYDROGEN AND NITROBENZENE?

• At fresh feed
Molar flowlate of hydrogen = 321.713 kmol H2
/hr
Molar flowlate of nitrobenzene = 100 kmol
C6H5NO2 /hr
(B) WHAT IS THE OVERALL
CONVERSION OF HYDROGEN?
overall conversion of hydrogen =
(reactant input to process) − (reactant output from process)
(reactant input to process)
𝑛𝑎1 −𝑛𝑎6
=
𝑛 𝑎6
321.713−37.7135
=
321.7135
= 0.882
∴ overall conversion of hydrogen = 0.882 =
88.2%
(C) WHAT IS MASS AND MOLAR
COMPOSITION OF THE PRODUCT
STREAM
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
FROM THE
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
REACTOR?
123 kg
• 𝑎3 = 4 C6H5NO2 4 C6H5NO2 =
ℎ𝑟 ℎ𝑟 1kmol
𝑘𝑔
492 C6H5NO2
ℎ𝑟
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 2 kg
• 𝑏3 = 849 H2 849 H2 =
ℎ𝑟 ℎ𝑟 1kmol
𝑘𝑔
1698 H2
ℎ𝑟
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 28 kg
• 𝑐3 = 44.7 N2 44.7 N2 =
ℎ𝑟 ℎ𝑟 1kmol
𝑘𝑔
1251.6 N2
ℎ𝑟
(D) WHAT IS THE RECYCLE TO
FRESH FEED RATIO?
𝑛7ሶ
Ratio =
𝑛1ሶ
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
861.37
= ℎ𝑟
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
323.33+100
ℎ𝑟

= 2.035
(E) WHAT IS THE MASS FLOW RATES OF
HYDROGEN AND NITROBENZENE IN THE
FRESH FEED, IF 2,250 KG/H OF THE MAIN
PRODUCT IS TO BE PRODUCED?
From flow chart scaling
if 2,250 kg/h is the main product (Aniline)
At Fresh feed
Feed 𝐶 𝐻 𝑁𝑂 = 2383.94 𝑘𝑔 𝐶 𝐻 𝑁𝑂 Τℎ𝑟
6 5 2 6 5 2
Feed 𝐻2 = 163.43 𝑘𝑔 𝐻2Τℎ𝑟