Energy Saving Methods

Energy:
• Power derived from the utilization of physical or chemical resources,
especially to provide light and heat or to work machines.

Effeciency:
• The ratio of the useful work performed by a machine or in a process
to the total energy expended or heat taken in.

Unit of efficiency:
• The efficiency is the energy output, divided by the energy input, and
expressed as a percentage. A perfect process would have an efficiency
of 100%. Wout = the work or energy produced by a process.
Energy Effeciency:
• Energy efficiency use, sometimes simply called efficient energy, is the
goal to reduce the amount of energy required to provide products
and services. For example, insulating a home allows a building to use
less heating and cooling energy to achieve and maintain a
comfortable temperature.

% Effeciency η = (Output ÷ Input) X 100

[Note: Practically possible <100 only. Hence, Output < Input]
Output = Input - Losses
Hence, Effeciency α (1÷ Losses)
To maximise (or) increse the effeciency the losses must be
minimized (or) decressed.
Types of Losses (Generally in Electric Motor/ Transformer/ Generator):
• Energy = Power X Time [or] I2Rt
• Power = I2R [or] V x I [or] V I cosφ [or] √3 VL IL cosφ
• Current, I = V ÷ R [or] V ÷ Z & Voltage, V = IR [or] V = IZ
• Resistence, R = V/I & Impedance, Z = V/I
• Impedence, Z = √(R2 + X2) & Reactance, X = |XL - XC|
• Inductive Reactance, XL = 2πfL & Capacitive Reactance, XC = 1 ÷ (2πfC)
[Note: L is Inductance in Henry & C is Capacitence in Fared]
• Power Factor, cosφ = R ÷ Z (If XC < XL Lagging [or] If XL < XC Leading)
• Frequency, f = NSP ÷ 120
• Number of Poles, P = 120f ÷ NS
• Synchronous Speed, NS = 120f ÷ P
• Rotor Speed, NR = Ns - S
• Slip of Speed Inductioin Motor = Ns - NR
• Slip of Inductioin Motor, S = (Ns - NR) ÷ Ns
• % Slip, %S = S x 100
Characteristics of Three Phase Induction Motor:
Sample Motor Name Plate as per IEC
Thank you all !!