Difference b/w Aliphatic and aromatic:
• Aliphatic Hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbons that don't have a
benzene ring in their structure
are called as aliphatic
compounds. Aliphatic can be
simply understand as non-
aromatic.
Aromatic Hydrocarbon:
These unsaturated hydrocarbons
have alternating carbon-to-carbon
single or double bonds in their
molecules.
Benzene is a ring hydrocarbon
made with three double bonds.
Hence the compounds containing
benzene ring are classified
separately as aromatic
compounds.
saturated hydrocarbons/ unsaturated
hydrocarbons
• saturated hydrocarbons in which • unsaturated hydrocarbons have
all hydrogen atoms and carbon double or even triple bonds
atoms are bonded together with between the carbon atoms.
single bonds • Alkenes contain at least one
• Alkanes - contain only hydrogen carbon-to-carbon double bond.
and carbon atoms bonded to • Alkynes - contain at least one
each other carbon-to-carbon triple bond.
• why is alkane called as paraffin? ... Paraffins is a Latin word meaning
(parum = little + affinis = reactivity). Alkanes are called
paraffins because they have a little affinity towards a general reagent.
Synthesis of alkanes:
• Decarboxylation
• Decarboxylation refers to the process of removal of CO2 from the
molecules having -COOH group. Saturated monocarboxylic acid salt of
sodium potassium on dry distillation with soda lime gives alkane.
• RCOONA+NAOH…….>R-H +NA2CO3
• Wutrz reaction:
• In wurtz reaction a solution of alkyl halide in ether on heating with
sodium gives alkanes
• X-R+2NA………………………..>R-R + Na-X
• In dehydration reactions, a molecule of water is eliminated from an
alcohol molecule by heating the alcohol in the presence of a strong
mineral acid. A double bond forms between the adjacent carbon
atoms that lost the hydrogen ion and hydroxide group.