Categorical Syllogism

Standard Form, Mood, and

Figure
 Standard Form

• Some TIP students are not academic scholars

• All TIP students are high school graduates.
• Some high school graduates are not academic scholars.
 A standard-form categorical syllogism
is one that meets the following four
conditions:
1. All three statements are standard-form
categorical propositions.
2. The two occurrences of each term are identical.
3. Each term is used in the same sense throughout
the argument.
4. The major premise is listed fi rst, the minor
premise second, and the conclusion last.
Figure

Mood
 Rules of Categorical Syllogism
• Valid syllogisms conform to certain rules.
• If any one of these rules is violated, a specific
formal fallacy is committed and, accordingly,
the syllogism is invalid.
• If none of the rules is broken, the syllogism is
valid.
 Boolean Standpoint and
Aristotelian Standpoint
• Of the five rules to be presented,
– the first two depend on the concept of distribution,
– the second two on the concept of quality,
– and the last on the concept of quantity.
Distribution of Terms
Rules about the concept of
distribution
Rules about the concept of
distribution
Rules about the concept of quality
Rules about the concept of quality
Rules about the concept of quantity
• Reconstruct the following syllogistic forms and
use the five rules for syllogisms to determine if
they are valid or invalid. For those that are
invalid, name the fallacy or fallacies
committed.
1. EIO – 1
2. EAO – 1
3. AOO – 4
4. EEE – 1
5. AII – 3