VOLCANOES….

•VOLCANOES ARE MOUNTAINS THAT HAVE THE CAPACITY TO ERUPT AT ANY TIME.

•VOLCANOES ARE GENERALLY CONICAL IN SHAPE. WHEN MAGMA IS OUTSIDE THE

VOLCANO IT IS CALLED LAVA.
•WHEN LAVA IS DEPOSITED OUTSIDE OF THE EARTH’S CRUST, IT COOLS DOWN AND
FORMS VOLCANIC ROCKS.
•THE REPEATED ERUPTION CAUSES THE VOLCANO TO RISE AND CHANGE ITS SHAPE.
PARTS OF A VOLCANO
MAGMA CHAMBER
•POOL OF MAGMA DEEP WITHIN THE EARTH.
•PRESSURE -->MAGMA WAS PUSHED FROM THE MAIN VENT
FLOW OUT OF THE SECONDARY VENT
•CREATES A CRATER WHEN IT REACHES THE TOP.
TYPES OF VOLCANOES ARE ACCORDING TO:

• BY ACTIVITY
• BY COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE (SHIELD AND CINDER)
• BY ERUPTION (EXPLOSIVE AND QUIET)
BY ACTIVITY
ACTIVE (23)
•ERUPTED WITHIN HISTORICAL TIMES (WITHIN THE LAST
600 YEARS), ACCOUNTS OF THESE ERUPTIONS WERE
DOCUMENTED BY MAN ERUPTED WITHIN THE LAST 10,000
YEARS BASED ON THE ANALYSES OF MATERIAL FROM
YOUNG VOLCANIC DEPOSITS.
TAAL VOLCANO
KANLAON
BULUSAN
HIBOK - HIBOK
PINATUBO
EXTINCT (2)- DID NOT ERUPT FOR THE PAST
10, 000 YEARS
MOUNT BUTAY – CAMIGUIN ISLAND MOUNT GUINSILIBAN ON CAMIGUIN
IN SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES. ISLAND
BY COMPOSITION
•SHIELD
•CINDER OR CONE SHAPED VOLCANOES
•STRATO
SHIELD
• LOW, DOME, SHAPED NON EXPLOSIVE
• LARGEST TYPE OF VOLCANO IN THE WORLD
• LIKE THE SHAPED OF MEDIEVAL KNIGHTS
• FORMED FROM MOUNTAINS THAT HAVE BEEEN SHAPED BY LAVA
FLOWS
• DIAMETER : 4.8 – 6.4 KM
• HEIGHT: 1200- 1500 FT
• EXAMPLE : MAUNA LOA (LARGEST SHIELD VOLCANO)
 CINDER CONE
• SIMPLEST TYPE
• ARE THE RESULT OF ERUPTION FROM A SINGLE
VENT
• ERUPTION ON A SINGLE VENT RESULTS IN A BOWL
SHAPED CRATER WHICH FORM AT THE SUMMIT
• ARE TYPICALLY VIEWED AS HARDENED LAVA
WHICH PILED UP AROUND THE VENT AND THEN
FORMED A MOUNTAIN.
STRATOVOLCANO OR COMPOSITE VOLCANO

• FORMED BY ALTERNATING LAYERS OF LAVA AND

PYROCLASTIC MATERIALS FROM MULTIPLE ERUPTIONS
THAT OCCURRED THROUGH TIME.
• THEY ARE KNOWN TO ERUPT VIOLENTLY
BY
ERUPTION
SIGNS OF IMPENDING VOLCANIC ERUPTION
• INCREASED FREQUENCY OF VOLCANIC QUAKES WITH RUMBLING SOUNDS;
OCCURRENCE OF VOLCANIC TREMORS
• INCREASED STEAMING ACTIVITY
• CRATER GLOW DUE TO PRESENCE OF MAGMA AT OR NEAR THE CRATER.
• GROUND SWELLS
• LOCALIZED LANDSLIDES, ROCKS FALL AND LANDSLIDES.
SIGNS OF IMPENDING VOLCANIC ERUPTION
•NOTICEABLE INCREASE IN THE EXTENT OF DRYING UP OF
VEGETATION’S
•INCREASED TEMPERATURE OF HOT SPRINGS
•NOTICEABLE VARIATION IN THE CHEMICAL CONTENT OF
SPRINGS AND CRATER LAKES
•DRYING UP OF SPRINGS/ WELLS AROUND THE VOLCANO
VOLCANIC HAZARDS
LAHAR
•IS A MUDFLOW COMPOSED OF ROCKY DEBRIS,
WATER, AND PYROCLASTIC MATERIAL. IT
FLOWS DOWN FROM A VOLCANO, OFTEN ALONG
A RIVER VALLEY.
ASH FALL OR TEPHRA
•IS HARD, EXTREMELY ABRASIVE, MILDLY
CORROSIVE, CONDUCTS ELECTRICITY
WHEN WET AND DOES NOT DISSOLVE IN
WATER.
PYROCLASTIC FLOW
•ARE HIGH DENSITY MIXTURES OF HOT,
DRY ROCK FRAGMENTS AND HOT
GASES THAT MOVE AWAY FROM THE
VENT THAT ERUPTED THEM AT HIGH
SPEEDS. THEY MAY RESULT FROM THE
EXPLOSIVE ERUPTION OF MOLTEN OR
SOLID ROCK FRAGMENTS.
BALLISTIC PROJECTILE

•ARE BASICALLY ROCKS THAT

AN ERUPTING VOLCANO
SENDS INTO THE AIR.
VOLCANIC GASES

•ARE DANGEROUS DUE

TO THEIR TEMPERATURE
AND TOXICITY.
LAVA FLOW
• IS DESCRIBED AS A STEAM OF MOLTEN
ROCK THAT FLOWS OUT OF A VOLCANO
OR VOLCANIC VENT. LAVA FLOW CAN
BE VERY FLUID OF VERY STICKY,
DEPENDING ON ITS COMPOSITION AND
TEMPERATURES
MANAGEMENT OF VOLCANIC ERUPTION
WHAT TO DO:
BEFORE
DURING
AFTER