Submitted to: submitted by:

Asst. Prof. M.P.Gururajan Koduri Srikrishna

(2008AMD2922)
 Introduction
 Joseph Bramah, developer of extrusion process.
 It is a process by which a material is forced to flow
through a die, which is shaped to produce the required
cross-section.
 It is similar to the squeezing action of tooth paste.

Courtesy: google images(direct extrusion)

 Types of extrusion
• Hot extrusion
 At elevated temperature
 No work hardening
 costly
 Cold extrusion
 At room temperature
 Work hardening
 Lack of oxidation, good surface finish.
Direct extrusion
 Indirect extrusion

Courtesy: google images (indirect extrusion)

 Indirect extrusion
 Advantages:
 Reduction of friction
 high contianer’s life
 billet moves more uniformly. So, less extrusion defects
 Disadvantages:
 Impurities and defects on surface.
 Length and area of extrusion depends on stem.
Hydrostatic extrusion
 Extrusion force curves

courtesy: wiki

Fig: relations between forces applied and ram displacement in various

processes
 Copper alloys
 Composition of copper used is 55 to 65%
 As copper content increases, ease of extrusion
decreases.
 In order to have hot working, Lead content should be
low
 600-1000oC
 Pressure-690MPa
 Tubes of 11cm outer diameter, with thickness of 2mm.
 Free cutting brass, hot stamping brass
 Manganese bronze alloys has marine applications
 Steels
 1100 to1250oC
 Dummy preheated to 800 to 900oC
 Glass lubrication
 Plain carbon steels to high alloyed steels
 Tubes of 20m long, diameter of 10mm,20mm.
 Aluminium alloy
 300 to600oC
 Press- 500 to 6000Tons
 Billets of 75mm diameter for small,1100mm diameter
for big presses.
 A layer of metal remains on the surface after extrusion.
 Lubricants- graphite, molybdenum disulphide
 Properties of materials
 Presence of impurities, gas, dross, etc
 Depending on degree of deformation
Deformation is greater in outer zones.
Therefore, differences in properties at these places.
This variation is high, if extrusion ratio is low.
 Temperature at which work is carried out.
Bismuth is brittle in cast state, but, it can be extruded
without difficulty at 40oC
 Extrusion defects
 Surface cracking
 Piping defect
 Internal cracking
Thank you