Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Asthma
Asthma
Asthma
Definition
Allergens
Exercise
Respiratory Infections
Nose and Sinus problems
Drugs and Food Additives
GERD
Emotional Stress
Early and Late Phases of Responses of
Asthma
Fig. 28-1
Asthma
Pathophysiology
Bronchospasm
Airway inflammation
Asthma
Pathophysiology
Early-Phase Response
Peaks 30-60 minutes post exposure, subsides 30-
90 minutes later
Characterized primarily by bronchospasm
Fig. 28-3
Summary of Pathophysiologic
Features
Oximetry
Allergy testing
Blood levels of eosinophils
Sputum culture and sensitivity
Asthma
Collaborative Care
Education
Start at time of diagnosis
Integrated into every step of clinical care
Self-management
Tailored to needs of patient
Emphasis on evaluating outcome in terms of
patient’s perceptions of improvement
Asthma
Collaborative Care
Status asthmaticus
Most therapeutic measures are the same as
for acute
Increased frequency & dose of
bronchodilators
Continuous -adrenergic agonist nebulizer
therapy may be given
Asthma
Collaborative Care
Status asthmaticus
IV corticosteroids
Continuous monitoring
Supplemental O2 to achieve values of 90%
IV fluids are given due to insensible loss of
fluids
Mechanical ventilation is required if there is
no response to treatment
Asthma
Drug Therapy
Bronchodilators
-adrenergic agonists
(e.g., albuterol, salbutamol[Ventolin])
Acts in minutes, lasts 4 to 8 hours
Bronchodilators
Useful in preventing bronchospasm
precipitated by exercise and other stimuli
Overuse may cause rebound bronchospasm
Antiinflammatory drugs
Corticosteroids (e.g., beclomethasone,
budesonide)
Suppress inflammatory response
Anxiety
Respiratory rate
Pulse
BP
Nursing Management
Nursing Implementation
ABGs
Pulseoximetry
FEV and PEFR
Work of breathing
Response to therapy
Nursing Management
Nursing Implementation
Nursing Interventions
Administer O2
Bronchodilators
Chest physiotherapy
Patient
and health care professional must
monitor responsiveness to medication