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Fibrat (Gemfibrozil) dan

Peroxisome Proliferator-
Activated Receptor (PPAR)

Fika Rizqiyana (V100180017)


Farmasi Klinik
Magister Farmasi
Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Pendahuluan
PPAR ( peroxisome poliferator-activated receptors) merupakan suatu faktor transkripsi
yang diaktifkan oleh ligan. Memiliki peran penting dalam pengaturan diferensiasi sel dan
proses metabolisme khususnya lipid dan gukosa homeostasis. Biasa disebut “ lipid dan
insulin sensor”

PPAR didalam tubuh diekspresikan pada beberapa jaringan seperti jaringan adiposa, liver,
otot dan sel endotelial

PPAR memiliki 3 isoform yang berbeda, seperti : PPARα, β/δ dan γ


Struktur PPAR dan fungsinya

Domain PTM Function


N-term A/B AF-1 MAPK-dependent Ligand-dependent/independent
phosphorylation at Ser 6, 12 activation function
and 21
Target gene specifity
C DBD Binding to PPRE
Interaction with cJun
D Hinge region MAPK-dependent Potentiating NcoR recruitment
phosphorylation at Ser 179
and 230

SUMOylation at lysine 185


C-term E/F LBD/AF-2 SUMOylation at lysine 358 Ligand binding specifity
Interaction with RXR and p65
Interaction with multiple co
regulators e.g CBP/p300 and
SRC/p160
Gen target dari PPARα, β/δ dan γ

PPARα PPAR β/δ PPAR γ

 Genes
 β-oxidation pathway involved in lipid
 Fatty acid-binding
(acyl-CoA Oxidase, uptake,
protein (aP2)
Thiolase) metabolism
 Fatty acid transport
 Sterol 12-hydroxylase and efflux
protein (FATP)
(CYP8B1) (reppressed by
 Fatty acid translocase
 Fatty acid translocase PPARs)
(FAT/CD36)
(FAT/CD36)
 Lipoprotein lipase
 Apolipoprotein A-I dan
A-II
Natural dan sintetik ligan dari PPARα, β/δ dan γ

PPARα PPAR β/δ PPAR γ

Natural ligan :
Natural ligan : Natural ligan : • Unsaturated fatty acid
• 15-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid
• Unsaturated fatty acid • Unsaturatted fatty • 9-and 13-hydroxy-
• Leukotrine B4 acids octadecadieonoic acid
• 8-hydroxy-eicosatetranoic • Carboprostacyclin • 15-deoxy 12,14-prostaglandin J2
acid • Prostaglandin PGJ2
• Component of VLDL
Sintetik ligan :
• Rosiglitazone
Sintetik ligan : Sintetik ligan : • Pioglitazone
• Fenofibrate • GW501516 • Troglitazone
• Clofibrate • Ciglitazone
• Fargilitazar
• Gembfibrozil • S26948
• INT131
Interaksi obat/ligan dengan reseptor (PPAR)
8
Farmakokinetik Gemfibrozil

✘ Absorbsi : Konsentrasi plasma puncak sekitar 20 mg / L dicapai 1 hingga 2


jam setelah dosis tunggal 600mg pada pemberian secara per
Oral, dan steady state dicapai dalam 7 hingga 14 hari setelah
pemberian gemfibrozil 600mg dua kali sehari.
✘ Distribusi : Terikat >99% dengan protein albumin
✘ Metabolisme : Dimetabolisme dihati melalui oksidasi menjadi metbolit tidak
aktif
✘ Ekskresi : Diekskresikan terutama sebagai konjugat glukuronida dalam
urin (70%) dan dieksresikan dalam feses (6%). Waktu paruh
eliminasi adalah 1-2 jam.
Toksisitas Gembfibrozil

Pada studi toksisitas, gembfibrozil dapat


menyebabkan hepatotoksik (rendah)
Daftar Pustaka

✘ Bittner, S. et al. (2017) ‘PPARs: regulators of metabolism and as therapeutic targets in cardiovascular disease.
Part II: PPAR-β/δ and PPAR-γ’, Future Cardiology, 13(3), pp. 279–296. doi: 10.2217/fca-2017-0019.
✘ Ghosh, A. et al. (2012) ‘Gemfibrozil and fenofibrate, food and drug administration-approved lipid-lowering
drugs, up-regulate tripeptidyl-peptidase 1 in brain cells via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α:
Implications for late infantile batten disease therapy’, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 287(46), pp. 38922–
38935. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.365148.
✘ Grygiel-Górniak, B. (2014) ‘Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and their ligands: Nutritional and
clinical implications - A review’, Nutrition Journal, 13(1), pp. 1–10. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-13-17.
✘ Pawlak, M., Lefebvre, P. and Staels, B. (2015) ‘Molecular mechanism of PPARα action and its impact on lipid
metabolism, inflammation and fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease’, Journal of Hepatology. European
Association for the Study of the Liver, 62(3), pp. 720–733. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.10.039.
✘ Raalte, D. H. Van et al. (2004) ‘Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR)-α.pdf’, 21(9).
THANKS!
Any questions?

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