Properties of Matter

What is matter?

Anything made of particles. It has mass

and volume (takes up space). Matter can
be in the form of a solid, liquid, or gas.
 Intensive vs. Extensive
Properties of Matter
Intensive property-
One that DOES NOT
depend on the
amount of the
substance present.

Extensive property-
One that DOES
depend on the
amount of the
substance present.
Intensive properties are determined by the chemical
composition of the particles and their structure
(arrangement). (intensive ~ internal)
 Extensive Properties
• Depend only on the number of particles,
not on their composition or internal
arrangement.
(extensive ~ external)
 PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
OF MATTER
Physical Property- A trait of
matter that can be observed or
measured without changing
the chemical composition of
the matter.

No chemical reactions allowed!

 GENERAL
PROPERTIES
OF MATTER
1. Mass

The amount
of matter in
an object (in
g or kg).
2. Volume

The amount
of space an
object
occupies (in
mL, L, cm3,
m3, etc.)
3. Density – the ratio of mass to
volume; reflects the degree of
packing of particles in matter.

D = m/v
Lowest density element:

Hydrogen
0.0009 g/cm3
Highest density element:

Osmium
23 g/cm3
 SPECIFIC
PROPERTIES
OF MATTER
1. Color – how the object
absorbs and reflects light
 2. Texture – how the
substance looks and feels.
3. Temperature
A measure of
the average
kinetic energy
(energy of
motion) of
particles in a
substance.
4. Luster
The way that
a substance
reflects light
(metallic,
non-metallic,
glassy,
pearly, dull).
5. Ductility

Ability of a
substance to
be stretched
into a wire.
6. Malleability

Ability of a
substance to
be hammered
flat and to
retain the new
shape.
7. State (phase) of matter

What is the 4th state of

matter (rare on Earth)?
8. Melting Point/Freezing
Point -
The exact temperature at
which a solid becomes a
liquid or a liquid becomes
a solid.

For H2O, what

temperature is this?

9. Boiling Point/
Condensation Point -
The exact temperature at
which a liquid becomes a
gas or a gas becomes a
liquid. EVERY PURE SUBSTANCE HAS AN
EXACT MELTING/FREEZING POINT
For H2O, what AND AN EXACT
temperature is this? BOILING/CONDENSATION POINT!
 13. Hardness
MOH’S HARDNESS SCALE Measure of
10 Diamond how easily a
6.5 Ceramic
5.5 Glass
material is
3.5 Penny scratched.
2.5 Fingernail
1 Talc
 MOH’S HARDNESS SCALE What is the
10 Diamond hardness of
6.5 Ceramic
a material
5.5 Glass
3.5 Penny
that
2.5 Fingernail scratched
1 Talc your
fingernail but
not a penny?
 The color left
14. Streak behind when
a material is
rubbed
against a
porcelain
plate
(warning:
streak can
be white).
 14. Shape (the shape of
crystals is called “habit”).
 Some common crystal
shapes/habits.

Cubic Octahedral

Rhombohedral

Amorphous
 CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
OF MATTER
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. What is the title of each presented
experiment?
2. Give at least one characteristic of
the materials used in each
experiment.
3. Describe what happened on
every material’s characteristics that
was used in the experiment.
Chemical Property- A trait of
matter that can only be observed if a
substance has the property. In the
process of testing the chemical
property, the substance changes
composition if it has that property.

i.e. Does the substance chemically

“react with” something else?
1.) REACTIVITY the state or power of
being reactive or the degree to
which a thing is reactive.
2.) OXIDATION:
EXAMPLE: rusting (iron)
tarnishing (silver, copper, brass, etc)
3.) ACIDITY- the level of acid in substances
such as water, soil, or wine.
4.) BASICITY- A base is a substance that
accepts hydrogen ions. When a base is
dissolved in water, the balance between
hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions shifts
the opposite way.
5.) Combustibility or Flammability-
Flammability is the ability of a chemical
to burn or ignite, causing fire or
combustion.
6.) Radioactive decay is the process
by which an unstable atomic
nucleus loses energy by emitting
radiation.
5) Chemical formula (chemical composition):
What something is made of is always a
chemical property.

Ex: rust is Fe2O3

water is H2O
diamond is C
 All chemical properties are
intensive. None are extensive.
• Why?
• Because chemical properties never
depend on how much of a substance is
present, but only on what kind of particles
make up the substance.
What is a Characteristic
Property?
 A characteristic property is

- a distinctive property that helps you

determine the identity of a material.

Properties that ARE characteristic:

Properties that are NOT characteristic:

 Which are better
characteristic properties?
Intensive properties,

or

Extensive properties?
 Intensive properties make the
best characteristic properties
because…
Intensive properties are determined
by the composition and structure
of matter. They never change!
PICTIONARY
REACTIVIT
Y
FLAMMABI
LITY
OXIDATIO
N
ACIDITY
BASICITY
RADIOACT
IVITY
 BIRDBOX
CHALLENGE
RAISE YOUR RIGHT HAND if it is a PHYSICAL
LEFT PROPERTY

RAISE YOUR RIGHT HAND if it is a CHEMICAL

PROPERTY
“STATION by STATION”

GROUP 1: DETERGENTS,
DISHWASHING LIQUID
BUBBLE
 “STATION by STATION”

GROUP 2: VINEGAR, COKE

AND MENTOS EXPERIMENT
“STATION by STATION”

GROUP 3: SALT AND

ALCOHOL
 “STATION by STATION”

GROUP 4: BOTTLE,
VINEGAR, BAKING SODA
AND BALOON EXPERIMENT
“STATION by STATION”

GROUP 5: EGG AND

VINEGAR
Guide Questions:
In every group, answer the following:

1. What are the components presented by the

group and its physical properties?
Example: salt- has mass and rough
vinegar- has volume
2. What happened in their experiment?
3. Is the materials they use has a chemical
property? If yes, what is it?
Example: vinegar- acidity
 QUIZ ON FRIDAY
Review the following:

• PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

• CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
• APPLICATION