PREFACE

In 2001 an initiative was started by the Swiss

corporation New7Wonders Foundation to
choose the New7Wonders of the World from a
selection of 200 existing monuments. Twenty-
one finalists were announced January 1, 2006.
Egyptians were not happy that the only
surviving original wonder, the Great Pyramid
of Giza, would have to compete with the likes
of the Statue of Liberty, the Sydney Opera
House, and other landmarks, calling the
project absurd. In response, Giza was named
an honorary Candidate.
TABLE of CONTENT

Chapter 2
GREAT WALL
of CHINA

Chapter 1
COLOSSEUM Chapter 3 3
THE TAJ MAHAL
 The Colosseum or Coliseum (/kɒləˈsiːəm/ kol-ə-SEE-əm), also known as the Flavian
Amphitheatre (Latin: Amphitheatrum Flavium; Italian: Anfiteatro Flavio [aŋfiteˈaːtro
ˈflaːvjo] or Colosseo [kolosˈsɛːo]), is an oval amphitheatre in the centre of the city of
Rome, Italy. Built of concrete and sand it is the largest amphitheatre ever built. The
Colosseum is situated just east of the Roman Forum. Construction began under the
emperor Vespasian in AD 72 and was completed in AD 80 under his successor and heir
Titus. Further modifications were made during the reign of Domitian (81–96). These
three emperors are known as the Flavian dynasty, and the amphitheatre was named
in Latin for its association with their family name (Flavius).

The Colosseum could hold, it is estimated, between 50,000 and 80,000 spectators, having an average audience of some
65,000; it was used for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles such as mock sea battles (for only a short time as the
hypogeum was soon filled in with mechanisms to support the other activities), animal hunts, executions, re-enactments
of famous battles, and dramas based on Classical mythology. The building ceased to be used for entertainment in the
early medieval era. It was later reused for such purposes as housing, workshops, quarters for a religious order, a fortress, a
quarry, and a Christian shrine.
 The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped
earth, wood, and other materials, generally built along an east-to-west line
across the historical northern borders of China in part to protect the Chinese
Empire or its prototypical states against intrusions by various nomadic groups or
military incursions by various warlike peoples or forces. Several walls were being
built as early as the 7th century BC; these, later joined together and made bigger
and stronger, are now collectively referred to as the Great Wall. Especially famous
is the wall built between 220–206 BC by the first Emperor of China, Qin Shi
Huang. Little of that wall remains. Since then, the Great Wall has on and off been
rebuilt, maintained, and enhanced; the majority of the existing wall was
reconstructed during the Ming Dynasty.

The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials,
generally built along an east-to-west line across the historical northern borders of China in part to protect the
Chinese Empire or its prototypical states against intrusions by various nomadic groups or military incursions by
various warlike peoples or forces. Several walls were being built as early as the 7th century BC; these, later joined
together and made bigger and stronger, are now collectively referred to as the Great Wall. Especially famous is the
wall built between 220–206 BC by the first Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang. Little of that wall remains. Since
then, the Great Wall has on and off been rebuilt, maintained, and enhanced; the majority of the existing wall was
reconstructed during the Ming Dynasty.
 The Taj Mahal (/ˌtɑːdʒ məˈhɑːl/, more often /ˈtɑːʒ/; meaning
Crown of the Palace) is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on
the south bank of the Yamuna river in the Indian city of Agra.
It was commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor, Shah
Jahan (reigned 1628–1658), to house the tomb of his favourite
wife, Mumtaz Mahal. The tomb is the centrepiece of a 17-
hectare (42-acre) complex, which includes a mosque and a
guest house, and is set in formal gardens bounded on three
sides by a crenellated wall

Construction of the mausoleum was essentially completed in 1643 but work continued on other
phases of the project for another 10 years. The Taj Mahal complex is believed to have been
completed in its entirety in 1653 at a cost estimated at the time to be around 32 million rupees, which
in 2015 would be approximately 52.8 billion rupees (US$827 million). The construction project
employed some 20,000 artisans under the guidance of a board of architects led by the court architect
to the emperor, Ustad Ahmad Lahauri.