EARLY PHILIPPINE

COMMUNITIES
ORIENTATION
 Consanguine (related by blood, kinship, common
origin, or marriage)

 SANDUGO (ritual blood compact)

 Marriage (exogamous marriages)
 Adoption
DEFINITE GEOGRAPHIC BOUNDARIES
 Islands
 Rivers

 Seas

 Mountains
ETHNO-LINGUISTIC IDENTITY
 “Ethnos”—group sharing a common cultural
orientation

 Language

 Belief and Tradition

TERMS
 Ilocos/Cordillera- ILI/BALOY
 Pangasinense-BALEY

 Tagalog- BAYAN

 Kapangpangan- BALEN

 Bicol/Visayas- BANUA

 Waray-BONGTO

 Visayas- LUNGSOD
SOCIAL SYSTEM
REALMS/HEAD
 Politics (DATU/HARI/RAJAH)
 Religion & Culture (BABAYLAN)

 Armed Forces/Warriors(BAYANI)

 Professionals (Potters, Weavers, Carvers,

Blacksmith)
 Datu

 Hari/Ari/Adi/Hadi

 Rajah

 *Kamaharlikahan (gat,
ginoo, lakan)
 Babaylan (Visayas)

 Bailan/Balian

 Katalonan(Tagalog)

 Baglan (Ilocano)

 Bayok (Zambal)
 Bagani
(Visayas/Mindanao)

 Bayani (Tagalog)

 Bannuar (Ilocano)
Zambal Warrior
CAGAYAN WARRIOR
(BANNUAR)
TAUSUG
WARRIORS
(MAGANI)
MANOBO WARRIOR
(BAGANI)
MANDAYA
WARRIOR
(BAGANI)
WARRIOR’S IDENTITY(TATTOO)
WEAVERS (PEDAL LOOM)
 Abel (Ilocano)

 Habi (Tagalog)

 Habol/Abol/Hablon
(Visayas/Mindanao)
BACK-STRAP LOOM
PANDAY/BLACKSMITH
 Panday
WEAPONRY: KRIS, KAMPILAN, BARUNG
WEAPONRY
POTTERY
 Carver
CARVER/BOATBUILDER
BELIEF SYSTEM
“SACRED SPACES”
 Mountains
 Caves

 Unussual parts of the environment

 Sambahan/Ulango: place of worship of

precolonial Filipinos
RITUALS
 Life cycle rituals
 Healing

 Agriculture ritual

 Fertility rituals
ANCESTOR WORSHIP
 Epic Chanting
 Caves as sacred grounds (burial grounds)
(HEALERS/RITUAL LEADERS/MEDIUM)
BABAYLAN
BABAYLAN,
PAINTING
(F.
AMORSOLO)
PANGGAGAMOT NG
BABAYLAN,
BOTONG
FRANCISCO
ICONS REPRESENTING ANITO (ANCESTRAL
SPIRITS)
LIKHA/LARAWAN
(TAO-TAO)
IFUGAO BUL-UL