FAKTOR RISIKO MONKEYPOX

Risk exists for travelers going to affected areas and is higher for persons without a
history of smallpox vaccination who:
Live, work, or participate in recreational activities in proximity to infected animals
Live in forested areas
Handle or consume bush meat
Sleep on the floor in affected areas
Come in contact with infected bodily fluids or sleep in the same room/bed with an
infected person
Animal bites and scratches from infected animals (mainly African rodents or monkeys)
or from other rodents (like prairie dogs) that have had contact with African animals
infected with the virus.
Direct physical contact with the patient
Direct contact with affected live or dead animals through hunting and consumption of
bush meat
ETIOLOGI MONKEYPOX
Monkeypox is a rare disease that is caused by infection with monkeypox virus.
Monkeypox virus belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus in the family Poxviridae.
The Orthopoxvirus genus also includes variola virus (the cause of smallpox), vaccinia
virus (used in the smallpox vaccine), and cowpox virus.

Monkeypox is a viral zoonosis, i.e. a disease transmitted from animals to humans. It

can be transmitted through contact with the blood, bodily fluids, or cutaneous or
mucosal lesions of infected animals. Human infections have been documented through
the handling of infected monkeys, Gambian giant rats and squirrels, with rodents
being the most likely reservoir of the virus.
Following the eradication of smallpox in 1980, human monkeypox (MPX) was
described in 1987 as the most important orthopoxvirus (OPXV) occurring in humans at
the time. There are currently 10 species known in the genus OPXV, including variola
(smallpox). With a 30% case fatality rate (CFR) and high virulence, smallpox is
described as one of the most feared diseases known to humanity. Monkeypox virus
(MPXV) is highly pathogenic, causing similar clinical manifestations to smallpox.
Smallpox vaccination is known to provide cross-immunity with up to 85% protection
against infection or reduction in severity of disease.
The natural reservoir of monkeypox remains unknown. However, African rodent
species are suspected to play a role in transmission.
There are two distinct genetic groups (clades) of monkeypox virus—Central African
and West African. Human infections with the Central African monkeypox virus clade
are typically more severe compared to those with the West African virus clade and
have a higher mortality. Person-to-person spread is well-documented for Central
African monkeypox virus and limited with West African monkeypox.
PATOGENESIS MONKEYPOX
 MPV multiplies at the local site in association with an attendant inflammatory response
(These events (virus release, vascu]itis and phagocytic activity) very likely facilitate transport of virus in blood and lymph
vessels)

Virus is carried in the blood to the spleen and tonsil, and in lymph to lymph nodes
(MPV multiplies rapidly in these three tissues, possibly asynchronously, since growth in lymph nodes generally lags behind
growth in spleen)

MPV released from the latter tissues causes an upsurge in viremia and transport of virus to tertiary target organs,
principally the skin~ although others may be involved.