EXISTENTIALISM

DE LEON M.N,TABORA,DE LEON P.K,NUNAG,CARLOS

WHAT IS EXISTENCE?
• The state of existing or being; actual
possession of being; continuance in being;
as, the existence of body and of soul in
union; the separate existence of the soul;
immortal existence
https://www.definitions.net/definition/existence
 WHAT IS
EXISTENTIALISM?
• Existentialism is a philosophy that emphasizes individual
existence,freedom and choice.
• Existentialism is a European philosophy that started in the mid-1800s and
hit its stride in the years around World War II.
• The notion is that human exist first and then each individual spends a
lifetime changing their essence of nature.
• It is the view that humans define their own meaning in life, and try to
make rational decision despite existing in an irrational universe.
• Human existence is the starting point of
thinking.Individual have to take responsibility
for their own actions and shape their own
destinies.
“Existence preceds essence”
The values of Existentialism are:

• Freedom of choice
• Individual dignity
• Personal love
• Creative effort
The Proponents:

• Among the best known existentialist philosophers are:

Jean Paul Sartre

Soren Kierkegaard
Friedrich Nietzsche
Martin Heidegger
  French Existentialist Philosopher

Born in Paris;Internationaaly known

philosopher,novelist,playwright.Awarded Nobel Prize
in literature in 1964;turned it down.
JEAN PAUL SARTRE Existence precedes essence: We have no “given
1905-1980 nature;” we become who we are through freedom of
choice and moral responsibility.

We are born into existence that has no divine

purpose; life is often absurd or horrible and the only
true values are the ones we create for ourselves.
 Father of Existentialism

He Believed that individual choice determines essence

(existence precedes essence)
SOREN
KIERKEGAARD It is a person’s responsibility to live a totally committed
1813-1855 (valid) life and should be prepared to defy the norms of
society for the sake of that commitment.

Anti-conformist

Kierkegaard stressed the ambiguity and absurdity of the

human situation
 Looks at life critically

Is associated with nihilism, the phrase “God is dead,”

the “will to power,” and the Ubermensch (Superman)
Friedrich
Nietzsche Believed life is meaningless, full of suffering and striving;
1843-1900 the universe is indifferent to human suffering; still, he
believed life is all there is and that we should live life to the
fullest and get all we can out of it.
NIHILISM

Total and absolute destructiveness, especially toward the

world at large and including oneself.
 • GERMAN PHILOSOPHY
• Father of Existential Phenomenology
• Author of “Sein Und Zeit” or “ Being and time”

• MAN AS “DASEIN”
 Dasien means “being there” in the world.

THREE-FOLD STRUCTURE OF DASIEN

Martin Heidegger 1.State of being or Mood (Befindlichkeit)
1889-1976 - It is a bearing on how we will encounter our environment
“Mood is the lived expression of the state-of-being”
2.Understanding (Verstehen)
-It is Dasein projecting on the context of purposes and their
interraltion within which anything derives its meaning.
3.Discourse (Rede)
-It is something fomulated in speech and can be understood and
become subject to our mood.
“Discourse is the articulation of intelligibility”