MILL DAY (KKS BUKIT BENUT)

OIL AND KERNEL LOSSES

26 SEPTEMBER 2018
PRESENTATION OUTLINE

• Parameter analysis
• Quality (FFA, moisture, dirt,
DOBI)
• Oil losses
• Kernel losses
• Conclusion

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ANALYSIS PARAMETERS
• Quality
– FFA
– Moisture
– Dirt
– DOBI
• Oil losses
– Presscake fibre
– Empty bunch
– Raw effluent
• Kernel losses
– Fibre cyclone
– Winnower
– Hydrocyclone

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Quality - Free Fatty Acid (FFA)
• The acid of CPO (Palmitic acid) and kernel ()
• Method: Titration of KOH with oil samples
• CPO FFA < 3.5%, Kernel FFA <4.5%
• Causes FFA high
– Over ripe fruit bunch

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Method - FFA

Add 5g oil into

beaker and add to Add 5 drops of
Add 50 ml of IPA
conical flask phenolphthalein
CPO Sample into conical flask

Kernel Sample

Titrate the
solution with KOH
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Quality - Moisture

• Volatile matter in CPO

• Method: Drying inside microwave oven
• CPO Moisture < 0.2%
• Kernel Moisture < 7%
• What causes moisture high
– Climate

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Method - Moisture

Pour 10g molten

oil into dish
Allow it to cool Reweighing the
thoroughly inside dry sample
desiccator

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Quality - Dirt

• Impurities that not dissolved by solvent

• Method : Filtration with hexane
• CPO Dirt < 0.02%
• Kernel Dirt (Admixture) < 6%
• Causes dirt high
– Contamination of FFB
– Low process efficiency of separation between FFB and
debris

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 Method - Dirt

Place a fibre
paper on a
gooch crucible Pour 20g of Add 100ml
molten oil into hexane
conical flask

Pour solution into crucible

with suction using vacuum
pump

Weigh dirt
sample of
Pour distilled hexane
crucible
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Quality - DOBI

• Deterioration of Bleachablity Index

• Method : Measure the absorbance by using UV-Vis
Spectrometry
• CPO DOBI > 2.6%
• What causes DOBI low
– Unripe FFB
– Delay in processing
– Contamination CPO with sterilizer condensate
– Prolonged sterilization
– Overheating of CPO in storage tank

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Method - DOBI

Fill the cuvette

with the oil
solution Put the cuvette
Pour 0.1g oil Make up the into uv-vis
into 25ml volume with spectrophotometer
volumetric flask iso-octane
solution

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 Oil Losses
No Sample Testing Target Result Causes
Method (%oil/FFB) (%oil/FFB)

1. Presscake Microwave
fibre oven
Soxtec

2. Condensate + Microwave
sludge oven
Soxtec

3. i. Empty
bunch
ii. USB
iii. Fruits in
EB
iv. Oil in Nut

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Method – oil losses

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 Kernel Losses
No Sample Testing Target Result Causes
Method (%oil/FFB) (%oil/FFB)

1. Cyclone Physical 0.13

Fibre Analysis

2. Winnower Physical 0.12

Shell Analysis

3. Hydro- Physical 0.05

cyclone Analysis
Shell

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Method – kernel losses

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Thank You

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