Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Patrick Pace
Michael Linley
Bryan Estvanko
Matthew Sallee
CHAPTER 5
5.1-5.4
26th element
Iron or Ferrous
55.85 Atomic Mass
General Categories of Ferrous
Metals and Alloys
Carbon and alloy steels
Stainless steel
Tool and Die steel
Cast Irons
Cast Steels
**Ferrous tools first appear about 4000 to 3000 BC,
made from meteoritic iron. Real ironworking started in
about 1100 BC in Asia Minor, and started the Iron Age.
APPLICATION OF FERROUS
(IRON) METALS / ALLOYS
5.2 Production of Iron and Steel
Raw Materials for Production
Iron Ore
Limestone ----------
Coke
Iron Ore
Tuyeres
Uses electric arc from electrode to metal to heat and melt it.
Can produce 60-90 tons of steel per day.
Steel is higher quality than open-hearth and BOF
Vacuum Furnace
**Refining
5.4 Continuous Casting
-Molten metal skips
ingot step, and goes
directly the furnace to
a “tundish”
-Metal solidifies in the mold
-The metal descends @ about 1”/sec
-The solidified metal then goes through
‘pinch rollers’ that determine the final
form.
Benefits of Continuous Casting
•Stainless Steels
High-strength, Microalloyed
low-alloy steels steels Provide
(HSLA) steels were superior properties
developed to without the use of
improve the ratio of heat treating. When
strength to weight. cooled carefully
– Commonly used in these steels
automobile bodies develop enhanced
and in the and consistent
transportation
strength.
industry (the
reduced weight
Alloy Steels
Stainless steels
are primarily
know for their
corrosion
resistance, high
strength, and
ductility and
chromium
content.
Stainless Steels
Rebar corrosion
in concrete
Tool and Die Steels
Form: 1XXX
1st #- major alloying element
2nd #- modifications of alloy
3rd & 4th #- minimum amount of
aluminum in the alloy
– EX: 1050 is aluminum with minimum
99.50% Al
– Ex: 1090 shows a minimum of 99.90% Al
UNS-Cast Aluminum
Form: 1XX.X
2nd & 3rd #- minimum amount of
aluminum
4th #- Product form
Temper Designation
Silvery in appearance.
Good strength and ductility at elevated
temperatures.
Good corrosion resistance because of
adherent oxide film.
Used in electronic components and in
nuclear-power reactor applications.
Low neutron absorption.
Low-Melting Alloys
Ductile
Highest electrical and thermal
conductivity of any metal.
Used as tableware, jewelry, coinage,
electroplating, photographic film,
electrical contacts, solders, bearing
linings and food and chemical
equipment.
Sterling silver is an allow of silver and
7.5% copper.
Platinum
Soft, ductile.
Grayish-white metal.
Good corrosion resistance at any
temperature.
Used as electrical contacts, for spark-
plug electrodes, as catalysts for
automobile pollution-control devices,
in filaments, in nozzles as jewelry, and
in dental work.
Shape-Memory Alloys