Why do we need them?

 It is known that Voltage(V) of a power supply

system must be maintained at a constant
value.
 Other wise the performance of any
motor/machinery will drop considerably.
 When any new load is given to an un-
regulated AC Generator, the V drop is more
substantial

time
 Automatic Voltage Regulator

 Close control of generator volatge is

required to prevent such dips in V.
 This control is achieved by an Automatic
Voltage Regulator (AVR)
 The real need of the AVR is to deal with
the voltage dip following the sudden
connection of extra load and to restore
the rated Voltage without undue
overshooting and regeneration(i.e.
volatge hunting)
 Automatic Voltage Regulator

V
time

 There are two stages that follow when the

extra load is connected.
 Transient Stage(followed by recovery)
 Steady state condition
o Response time for restoration within 3% of voltage dip is
1.5seconds
o Steady state voltage regulation at any p.f. within rated p.f. and
unity p.f. Is +/-2.5%
 Automatic Voltage Regulator

There are three basic parts to an AVR

 Error detecting element
 Correcting Element
 Stabilizing Element
Automatic Voltage Regulator
 Automatic Voltage Regulator

The AVR senses the DG output voltage and acts to alter

the field current to maintain the output voltage at its set
value
The excitation voltage can be set by the hand trimmer
The VOLTAGE SENSING unit transforms down, rectifies
and smoothes the generator output voltage. This produces
DC signal proportional to the actual generator voltage.
This signal is compared with the set value at the
COMPARATOR
The ‘error’ signal from the Comparator is used to
control the excitation current through ERROR AMP. and
CONTROLLER.
Automatic Voltage Regulator
Thank You