Migration

The effects of migration and HIV/AIDS

• Migration is the movement of people from one place to another.
Migration: Key Ideas
Types of Migration
Push and Pull Factors
Transmigration in Indonesia: an involuntary
internal economic migration
Case Study: Transmigration in Indonesia
• Transmigration was a scheme created by the Indonesian government to ease
overpopulation in the capital of Java by moving people from the “core” area to the less
populated areas of Indonesia (known as the “periphery”). The government provided
land, money & fertiliser for those who move for 18 months in order to allow them to
sustain a small farm. The main aims of transmigration where:
• To create a balanced demographic spread by easing population density in Java, Bali &
Madura and increasing the density in less developed areas.
• To eliminate poverty by providing land for the landless.
• To exploit the outer islands of Indonesia.
• Problems With Indonesia’s Transmigration Policy
• Indonesia’s outer islands contain 10% of the world’s remaining rain forests, which where
destroyed by trans migrants.
• Resettlement was political, to remove the indigenous population from the outer islands.
• It was aimed at the forced assimilation of indigenous people such as forest dwellers.
• The project costed the Indonesian government $7,000 per family and was an economic
disaster, worsening Indonesia’s national debt.
• It had little effect on reducing Java’s population. Poverty was worsened due to poor
farming conditions (low quality soil), no access to markets and poor site preparation.
The impact of immigration on the population
of UK
The impact of HIV/AIDS
The impact of HIV/AIDS
Case Study: Darfur Refugees
• Darfur is located in western Sudan, Africa. The UN says it is the worst
humanitarian crises on our planet.

• An estimated 400,000 people have been killed, women raped,

children beaten and villages burned. By 2004 the UNHCR (United
Nations High Commission for Refugees) estimated 200,000 had fled
to neighboring Chad, becoming refugees, and at least 1.6 million
were internally displaced within Sudan. Land and grazing rights are
at the root of the problem but it is a very complex, and ever changing
issue.
• Links:
https://sites.google.com/site/igcsegeographynow/Home/theme-1---
population-and-settlement/migration/darfur-refugees
Involuntary Migration from Libya 2011

• In 2011, an uprising swept across Libya as people fought to remove Colonel

Gaddafi from power.
• The wide-spread unrest and fighting forced over 870 000 people to flee their
homes in Libya.
• Foreign nationals from MEDC's where provided with transportation out of Libya,
but make refugees were left with nothing and had to find their own way out.
• Many of the refugees packed only what they could carry, and starting walking
across vast deserts often for days on end and without food, looking for safety.
• Many of the refugees ended up in Tunisia, but eventually Tunisia was forced to
shut its border as it became over-run.
Links: https://sites.google.com/site/igcsegeographynow/Home/theme-1---
population-and-settlement/migration/involuntary-migration-from-libya-2011
Voluntary Migration - Latin America to USA

• Migration of people from LEDC's to MEDC's is key component of

population change. Migration can be legal and illegal and brings many
opportunities but also presents challenges both to source countries
and destination countries. One of the most significant migration
movements in recent decades has been the migration from Latin
American countries to USA.
Migrations to the Canary Islands from Western
Africa Case Study
Geographical Situation
• A global call
• Demographic forces, globalization, and environmental degradation mean that migration
pressures across borders will likely increase in the coming decades. And cross-border
challenges demand cross-border solutions.
• Global policy efforts, therefore, must focus on better cooperation and dialogue among
the affected countries. This includes promoting fair burden-sharing, facilitating
remittance flows, protecting labor rights, and promoting a safe and secure working
environment for migrants.
• The IMF will also do its part, including through our financing and capacity building. In
addition, over the next few months, our analysis on this issue will feed into our policy
advice to countries in Africa, Europe and the Middle East dealing with massive
population movements.
• Migration is a global issue. We must all work together to address it.
•