Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Yukihiko Hamada
Public Sector Integrity Division
OECD
10 October 2017
How much is a political connection worth?
government R² = 0.7759
policymaking 6
LUX
NZL
FIN
CHE
JPN NOR
GBR SWE
NLD
IRL CAN
ESTCHL
5 AUT ISL DEU
3
ITA
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
• Leadership by example
• High standards of conduct
• Developing a strategic
approach for the public
sector
• Promoting multi-level co-
operation
Culture of Public Integrity
12
AUS
11 BEL
HUN
10 IRE
9 KOR
8 NLD
7
JPN
6
5
CAN
NZL
4
UK
3
ISR
2 USA
0
1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015
Challenges in providing protection to
reporting persons
– Definition of protected persons (consultants,
contractors, trainees, temporary employees,
former employees, potential employees,
volunteers?);
– Subject matter of reports (general wrongdoing
vs corruption);
– Definition of discriminatory or retaliatory
action;
– Internal vs external reporting;
– Incentives for whistle-blowers and penalties for
retaliators
Increasing certainty about protection:
Defining what is reportable misconduct
100%
80%
% of surveyed OECD Countries
60%
40%
20%
0%
Dismissal, Transfer, or Change in duties Decrease of Pay, Imposing medical
suspension or reassignment benefits, awards, testing or
demotion education or examination
training
Effective Accountability
• Transparency in lobbying
• Transparency in the
financing of political parties
and election campaigns
• Managing conflict of interest
• Asset disclosure
• Internal control and risk
management
• Support evidence base with
SAIs and oversight bodies
Principles for Transparency and Integrity in
Lobbying
• Since 2010, the number of countries that have regulated
lobbying practices have almost doubled
Lobbying registers
Note: For Italy, the responses refer to the system put in place by the Ministry of Agriculture. For Germany, the response refers to
the public list of associations representing interests vis-à-vis the Bundestag or the Federal Government that is kept by the
President of the German Federal Parliament (Bundestag).
Types of information that stakeholders
believed should be made publicly available
Generally no restrictions are in place (e.g. a "cooling-
off" period) to restrict legislators from engaging in
lobbying activities after they leave Parliament
100%
90%
80% 74%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20% 16%
10% 5% 5%
0%
Yes, there are Yes, there are Yes, there are No, there are no
restrictions but they restrictions and they restrictions but they restrictions
are too restrictive are sufficiently are not sufficiently
restrictive restrictive
www.oecd.org/gov/ethics