OPTIMIZATION PROCESS

 IP data check.
 Dump verification.
 KPI’s monitoring
 Alarms check

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 Activity on the basis of check
 Raise CRF if any discrepancy in data.
 Send DT team in confirmation of Alarm
removal.
 Physical verification report.
 DT file analysis.
 Start fine tuning of parameter.

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 KPI’s to be monitor
 SD Blocking
 SD Drop
 TCH Blocking
 TCH Assignment
 TCH Drop
 HOSR

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 Reasons for SD Blocking
 High Utilization of SD.
 Signaling load at LAC boundary.
 Time slot faulty.
 Site location ( Airport, etc).

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 Solutions for removal of
SD Blocking
 Check the No. of SDCCH channel
Available, if less then increase SD channel
taking care that there is no TCH Blocking.
 Check LAC boundary, If location update is
more then change the LAC of that site.
 Use of Dynamic SDCCH (It is a BSC
parameter and will be applied on whole
BTS).
 Hardware check / shift SD to new time
slot
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 Reasons of SD Drop
 Wrong Parameter Planning.
 Hardware Fault.
 External Interference.
 Overshooting
 High TCH utilization

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 Check for Wrong Parameter
Planning.
 Check the BCCH Plan (C/I or C/A).
 Co-BSIC & Co BCCH.
 LAC Planning.
 If a cell is picking call from long distance, Check the
sample log according to TA (using MMR).
 Cell orientation need to be define according to clutter.
 Check the Timer T 3101, It should be 3.5 sec.
 Check the Timer T 200 (N 200 in Ericsson system), It
should be 780 ms.

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 Cure for SD Drops due to Low
Signal Strength
 If the drop call is due to low signal strength uplink, check the
receive path of this particular TRX. Check receiver sensitivity,
VSWR, feeder connection and etc. Drops due to Low Signal
Strength
 If the drop call reason is due to low signal strength downlink,
then, check the transmit path. Check CDU, RTX card, feeder
and etc. Drops due to TCH Congestion.
 It is also possible to have a high percentage of drops on SDCCH
but a low percentage of drops on TCH this could happen, for
example, if the SDCCH were put on the BCCH frequency, and
the frequency plan were different for the BCCH than for non-
BCCH frequencies It is possible that the interference situation
is worse on the BCCH, thereby causing relatively high
percentage of drops on SDCCH compared to TCH, To reduce
this Shifting of SDCCH can also be done. This trick will be good
to reduce CNDROPS from the cell but ICM will not decrease too
much.

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 Interference in the Transmission
frequencies
 Solution: Interference due to Microwave frequencies is not captured in
the KPI’s , but if the drop due to other reasons are high than there is
possibility of interference due to MW frequenciesCounters available
for checking Transmission related problems (Counters for LapD can be
mapped).

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Reload of IDB/CF (for alarm 2A-53)

 At time DXU software gets hanged which results in failureTCH

assignment allocation. A reload of IDB at site or CF reload
clears this software hangingAudit of A-Ter Link.
 Now the reason why this impacts the SDCCH drops other is
probably because TRA pool congestion and Ater congestion will
lead to subscribers making repeated attempts and no devices
being available for them. One may think that this should lead
to SDCCH blocking more than SDCCH drops ,other reasons.
That is true but the thing of note here is that at the time of
setup, on an average SDCCH (signaling) is there for a very less
duration (2/3 seconds MAX, as opposed to TCH drops) and the
congestion in Ater and TRA devices will lead to further
attempts and therefore drops which are pegged as Other
reasons. Moreover where are these drops taking place?-not at
the BSC ,but at the Ater between the BSC/RBSC and the
transcoder,so logically all the above will be known to the BSC
as drops due to other reasons.

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 SD Drop due to excessive TA
 Use RNO specially MRR for coverage confinements and to find bad
BCCHs .it helps if Cell is over shooting or taking traffic from
TA>40,this can considered for coverage confinement or will be
suitable candidate for height reductions.
 Cell Overshooting
 For Example----
 A% of Cell picking call from Distance Y------And Meeting KPI’s. (% of A should be >95)
 (100-A%) of Cell picking call beyond Distance Y----Not Meeting KPI’s

 Therefore Distance Y will confirms the Criteria of Distance of

Overshoot of a cell.

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 Hardware Fault
 Check Path Imbalance.
 VSWR of the Cell.
 Connector Connection.
 TRX condition
 Mount position and Effective Tilt.

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 External Interference
 May be due to CDMA or
External/Unwanted resource.
 Check the ICM band value of that site.
 It should be ideally 0.
 Use BPF (Band pass filter).

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 TCH Blocking
 Implement half rate or Dual rate.
 If Dual rate implemented already then
change the value of FRL and FRU.
 Add another TRX.
 If TRX addition not possible, try to share
the traffic of that cell with the neighboring
cell by changing tilt or orientation.

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 TCH Assignment
 For improving assignment, remove TCH
Blocking.
 Check TRX condition.
 Path Imbalance.
 VSWR.
 Connection from CDU and TRX.
 Connector connection.

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 See…
 TCH attempt=TCH Block+TCH Allocated.
 TCH Allocated=TCH miss (may be block or
SD Drop) +TCH Assigned.
 It is not necessary that total TCH allocated
will be assigned.

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 Reasons for TCH Drop
 Wrong Parameter Planning.
 Hardware Fault.
 External Interference.

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 Wrong Parameter Planning.
 Check the BCCH Plan (C/I or C/A).
 Co-BSIC & Co BCCH.
 Check Co-BCCH.
 If a cell is picking call from long distance, Check the
sample log according to TA.
 Check the Timer T 100(RLT). It should be 20.
 Check the Neighbor Plan.
 Site Orientation and Tilt.

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TCH Drop Reason, Low SS DL (%)
 If the drop call reason is due to low signal
strength downlink, then, check the transmit
path. Check CDU, RTX card, feeder and etc.
Drops due to TCH Congestion.
 Check the proper coverage of the cell, may be
far off village getting the week coverage. Avoid
week coverage area. Coverage of the cell should
be limited at the point where there is no
population.

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TCH Drop Reason, Low SS UL (%)
 If the drop call is due to low signal
strength uplink, check the receive path of
this particular TRX. Check receiver
sensitivity, VSWR, feeder connection and
etc. Drops due to Low Signal Strength.
 Check whether main lobe of the cell is not
out of clutter, change the orientation.
 Use of TMA, while installing TMA it should
be properly check whether the cabling of
Bias Injector is done properly at BTS end.
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 Drop Reason, Bad Quality DL (%)
 Go for BCCH and TCH Plan check.
 Site covered area…may be the populated
area is suffering for High C/I or C/A.
 Check the Hopping plan.
 Check VSWR, Path imbalance.

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 Drop Reason, Bad Quality UL (%)
 In addition to above , please check the
ICM band condition.

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 Drop Reason, Suddenly Lost
Connections (%)
 if drops are only on one site, then go for a check
for that particular even attach with that site.
 If drops are on all sites connected to a single
link, then check the slip or interference on that
Abis interface.
 If Drops are distributed on all site of the BSC,
then check the slips on Ater.
 Down Time of the cell.
 TRX condition.
 BTS should not getting the temperature alarm
continuously.

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Drop Reason, Excessive TA (%)
 Proper tilting required considering all hot
spots are covered.
 Effective tilt should be check…
 Mount position should be check.

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 Drop Reason, Other (%)
 Check Path Imbalance.
 VSWR of the Cell.
 Connector Connection.
 TRX condition
 Mount position or Effective Tilt.

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 HOSR
 Neighbor Planning should be good.
 In city neighbor should be planned to 2nd layer, But in
new town try to restrict to 1st layer.
 If reversion rate is high, check the hardware condition,
quality and Congestion on target cell.
 If handover failure is due to low signal strength, change
the handover margin and also check the VSWR of source
and target cell.
 If handover failure is due to bad signal quality, check the
C/A or C/I. In addition to this please check the hardware
fault of that site.
 If there is lot of Ping-pong handover in the cell avoid
overlapping cell by tilting the cell.

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 Attention….
 If Intra Handover failure is occurring, Check the
hardware and Blocking of all the sec.
 Case I- If there is Path Imbalance in sec B, then
there is possibility that there will be handover
failure from A-B and C-B. And there will be
also intra cell handover failure in sec B whenever
call will be transfer to Faulty TRX.
 Case II- If there is Blocking in sec B, then there
is possibility that there will be handover failure
from A-B and C-B.
 Please check Co-BSIC & Co-BCCH.
 And Co-BCCH during Neighbor Planning.
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 Other Criteria’s Can be kept in
mind.
 MBC Synchronization
Comments : If the site is MBC than at times it
happens that MBC cabinet goes out of sync
bue to faulty ESB cable, thus TCH
assignment allocation on MBC doesn't
happen which results in high SD drops due
to other reasons.

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 SDCCH drop can be triggered during an Assignment
Failure also

 There are a few cases where an assignment failure, which is

indicated by the formula (1 - (TFCASSALL / TASSALL)), would
be accompanied by an SDCCH drop (CNDROP).
 Case-I: if Congestion on TCH if there is congestion on TCH, the
mobile will eventually be cleared from the SDCCH channel (case: No
Assignment Command, abnormal release, unspecified), and so
CNDROP and CNRELCONG will be stepped.
 Case-II: If NO Establishments on TCH or Fails to return,----Another
case occurs when the mobile station never establishes itself on the
TCH and fails to return to SDCCH (Unsuccessful Assignment on
TCH, abnormal release unspecified). After a time-out in the BSC, the
call is released by sending a Channel Release (cause: abnormal
release unspecified).
 Case-III: if TCH Assignment failed---Another case can occur when
the assignment to TCH failed, but the mobile succeeded to return to
the old SDCCH. After a time-out, the system disconnects the call
and sends a Channel Release with the cause “abnormal release,
unspecified.”

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 CBCH Impact on Data & SDCCH Utilization

 Check for SDCCH Utilization, proper re-dimensioning should be done

for effective SDCCH use, though it will be helpful for reducing
SDCCH Congestion, if any but at the same time if SDCCH are getting
hanged then you will not be short to SDCCH
 If you use CBCH, change to SDCCH/8 config, since GPRS has more
system information to transmit over BCCH and it is advisable to
keep like this.

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 High RACH Failures

 Other reasons look for Random access statistics, if there is a lot of

random access failures try to check hardware too. It includes
thorough hardware audit including CF Reloading, IDB Setting and
reloading, Software synchronization ,filter check etc)

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 DTAP Issue

 Solution : Check for Connection refused messages sent by MSC

(before Setup message)
 Comments : The losses due to DTAP issues may also be result
of subscriber related issues like faulty handset)

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 Alarms Description
For various alarms go though the attach Doc.

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 Internal BTS Connection
2206 2964

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 Some timers…..
 T3212 ---Time between periodic update of MS. SET by
the MML command RLSBC. The value is sent to the MS
in system information. The MS will do periodic update, if
it is residing in the same location area at a time interval
exceeding T3212 . If the MS is roaming to a new
location area, update will be done anyway and the time
to next periodic update will start counting from zero
again.
 T3101 ---Guard time for Immediate Assign. Started as
'IMM_ASS_CMD' is sent to BTS and stopped by reception
of 'EST_IND' from BTS. The allocated channel will be
released at timer expiry.

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 Ericsson Optimization Tools
 Winfoll.
 RNO--
(NCS,FAS,MRR,MTR,CTR,RIR,ABAL,OMS,S
TS etc).
 BO (Business Object).

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 Winfoll
 It is online status
tool, with the help of
this tool you can
directly login to any
BSC and check and
change the status of
any cell.
 Command use to
access the various
parameter are attach
below.

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 RNO
 NCS-Neighboring Cell Support
 Neighboring Cell Support feature is to help the operator optimize
neighboring cell lists in the network. This is done by collecting
data recorded from measurement reports and handover
statistics. In the BSC, this is handled by the feature Active BA-list
Recording. Neighboring Cell Support is operated through the
Operation and Support System (OSS).
 This feature is load regulated, partly by the 3% rule, partly by
low-priority Base Level Load Control. The total load from this
feature should not exceed 6% when there is a shortage of CP
capacity. Load peaks may occur at BA-list reconfiguration, when
test frequencies in BA-list are changed. In order to decrease CP
load from this feature, the number of cells can be reduced.

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 Continue…
 FAS- Frequency Allocation Support
 The purpose of Frequency Allocation Support
(FAS) is to facilitate the frequency planning
for the operator. The uplink interference level
for specified frequencies and cells are
recorded by the feature Radio Interference
Recording. After a recording is completed the
results can be presented to the operator via
the OSS user interface.

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 Continue…
 MRR: Measurement Result Recording
 MRR is an OSS tool for measuring and analyzing radio
characteristics. The feature makes it possible to extract
information from the measurement results that are sent from the
base stations to the BSC. This feature is load regulated, partly by
the 3% rule, partly by low-priority Base Level Load Control.
During the recording, the collection and accumulation of
measurement data is done in the TRH and the impact on CP load
is therefore limited. In live tests no extra basic load or load
peaks have been observed from this feature. Some CP load
increase is however likely at activation and deactivation of the
feature.
Although actions should not be needed to reduce CP load from
this feature, the amount of data to collect (number of cells) can
be limited to minimize load if desired.

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 BO (Business Object).
 With the help of this tool, we can generate
the stats of the site before four hour of
fetching.
 We can generate the stats Cell wise ,or
BSC Wise hourly or for whole day.
 BO generate the KPI’s only with other
related counters.

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 Concluding
 Optimization start at very basic level, so
the ground things need to be check.
 Drive test to be done with proper
guidance of Optimization Engg.

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 Thanks
 Any further valuable addition will be
appreciated………..

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