Professional Documents
Culture Documents
L A NGUAGE
L E ARNI NG
WHAT IS A THEORY?
A set of assumptions, propositions, or
accepted facts that attempts to provide a
plausible or rational explanation about a
observed phenomenon.
EXAMPLES :
Monitor
Input
Natural Order
Stephen Krashen is an expert in the field
of linguistics, specializing in theories of
Affective Filter language acquisition and development.
Krashen's widely known and well
accepted theory of second language
acquisition .
INFORMATION SOURCE :
Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition by Stephen Krashen
THE ACQUISITION/LEARNING
There are two distinctive ways of developing
competence in a second or foreign language.
• Acquisition refers to an unconscious process
that involves the naturalistic development of
language proficiency through understanding
language and through using language for
meaningful communication.
• Learning refers to a process in which
conscious rules about a language are developed. It
results in explicit knowledge about the forms of a
language and the ability to verbalize this
knowledge. Formal teaching is necessary for
“learning” to occur, and correction of errors
helps with the development of learned rules.
MONITOR The monitor is the repository of
conscious grammatical knowledge
about a language that is learned
through formal instruction .