Dr.

Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology and

Management

ADMIXTURES

https://civildigital.com/what-are-admixtures/
(image source)

-BY: HIMANI-TIWARI-02215603417
MADHAVI-PARASHAR-03115603417 1
Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology and
Management

CONTENTS

• Introduction
• Reasons for using Admixtures.
• Chemical Admixtures.
• Accelerator.
• Plasticizers
• Superplasticizers.
• Air entraining admixtures.
• Retarding Admixtures.
• Corrosion Inhibitors.

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Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology and
Management

INTRODUCTION
ADMIXTURES ARE THOSE INGREDIENTS IN
CONCRETE OTHER THAN PORTLAND
CEMENT, WATER, AND AGGREGATES THAT
ARE ADDED TO THE MIXTURE
IMMEDIATELY BEFORE OR DURING
MIXING TO MANIPULATE, GENERALLY
ENHANCE THE PROPERTIES OF
CONCRETE.
ADMIXTURES CAN BE DIVIDED IN 2
GROUPS THAT
IS:
A) CHEMICAL ADMIXTURES
B) MINERAL ADMIXTURES
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Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology and
Management
THE MAJOR REASONS FOR USING
ADMIXTURES ARE:
• To improve workability of fresh concrete.

• To improve durability by entrainment of air.

• To accelerate setting & hardening & thus to produce high early strength.

• To aid curing.

• To impart water repellent / water proofing property.

• To cause dispersion of the cement particles when mixed with water.

• To retard setting.

• To improve wear resistance (hardness).

• To offset / reduce shrinkage during setting & hardening.

• To cause expansion of concrete and automatic prestressing of steel.

• To impart color to concrete.

• To offset or reduce some chemical reaction.

• To reduce bleeding.

• To reduce the evolution of heat.

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• To reduce the cost of concrete.
Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology and
Management
CHEMICAL
ADMIXTURES
Among the type of chemical admixture used
are:
a) Accelerator
b) Water reducing Admixture
c) Superplasticizer
d) Air Entraining Admixtures
e) Retarding Admixtures
f) Corrosion Inhibitors
g) Alkali-Aggregate Reaction Inhibiting
Admixtures
h) Shrinkage Reducing Admixtures

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Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology and
Management

ACCELERATOR
• It has long been known that curing concrete during cold
weather can result in an inferior product with substandard
properties. Curing also takes much longer, adding to job
costs and extending the time before the concrete surface
can be used. Therefore, accelerators are used.
• Added to increase the rate of hydration of concrete mix
which then lead to the increases in the rate of
development of strength and greater heat evolution.
• And to shorten the setting time.
• More rapid gain of strength & rapid setting.
• Disadvantages : possible cracking due to heat evolution &
possibility of corrosion of embedded reinforcement.
• Although there are many types of accelerators, calcium
chloride continues to be one of the most preferred. No
other accelerator has been used so successfully for so
long.
• Calcium chloride (CaCl2), has the ability to accelerate 6
cement hydration and reduce set time by as much as two
thirds.
Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology and
Management

A graph showing reduction

in initial and final time of
concrete with the addition
of calcium chloride.

https://www.peterschemical.com/concrete-acceleratio
n/
(image source)

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Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology and
Management

WATER-REDUCING
ADMIXTURES / PLASTICISERS
• Used to reduce the amount of water necessary to produce a concrete of a
given consistency
• To increase the slump for a given water content
• To obtain specified strength at lower cement content
• Increases workability with faster gain of strength
• Increase the slump, reduce water content and to save cement
• Disadvantages: it has the risk of corrosion.
• For example adding certain deflocculating reagents like lignosulphate,
polyglycol ester, carbohydrates (dose 0.1-0.4% by weight) reduces water
to cement ratio by almost 5-15% along with increasing slump value by 30–
150 mm.

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Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology and
Management

• Plasticized, flowing
concrete is easily
placed can easily be
placed in thin sections.

https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-uses-of-a-plast
icizer-in-concrete
(image source) 9
Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology and
Management

SUPERPLASTICIZERS (HIGH-
RANGE WATER REDUCERS)
• These admixtures are added to concrete with a low-to-
normal slump and water-cementing materials ratio to make
high-slump flowing concrete.
• Flowing concrete is a highly fluid but workable concrete that
can be placed with little or no vibration or compaction while
still remaining essentially free of excessive bleeding or
segregation.
• Enhances hydration process, increases strength.
• Eliminate concrete segregation & allow good dispersion of
cement particles in water.
• Accelerating the rate of hydration.
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Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology and
Management

CONCRETE WITH
SUPERPLASTICIZERS CAN EASILY BE
PLACED:

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Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology and
Management

• Low water to
cement ratio
concrete with low
chloride
permeability---
easily made with
high-range water
reducers- is ideal
for bridge decks.
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Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology and
Management

THEY CAN BE PLACED EVEN IN

AREAS OF HEAVY REINFORCING
STEEL CONGESTION:

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Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology and
Management

AIR-ENTRAINING ADMIXTURES
• used to purposely introduce and stabilize microscopic air bubbles in
concrete. Air-entrainment will dramatically improve the durability of
concrete exposed to cycles of freezing and thawing. Entrained air greatly
improves concrete's resistance to surface scaling caused by chemical de-
icers.
• Workability improved, increase in slump, easier placing, increased
durability, better resistance to frost action.
• Able to reduce segregation tendency and control of bleeding.
• It is necessary to have a careful control of air content and mixing time.
• The primary ingredients used in air-entraining admixtures are salts of
wood resin (Vinsol resin), synthetic detergents, salts of petroleum acids,
etc.

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Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology and
Management

• Scaled concrete surface resulting

from lack of air entrainment, use of
deicers, and poor finishing and
curing practices.

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Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology and
Management

RETARDING ADMIXTURES
• used to retard the rate of setting of concrete at high temperatures of
fresh concrete (30°C or more).
• One of the most practical methods of counteracting this effect is to
reduce the temperature of the concrete by cooling the mixing water
or the aggregates.
• Retarders do not decrease the initial temperature of concrete.
• The bleeding rate and capacity of plastic concrete is increased with
retarders.
• The typical materials used as retarders are:
• Lignin,
• Borax,
• Sugars,
• Tartaric acid and salts.

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Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology and
Management
CORROSION
INHIBITORS
• These are able to reduce
the rate of corrosion to a
level that major damage to
concrete will be avoided or
at least greatly reduced.
• The chlorides can cause
corrosion of steel
reinforcement in concrete.
• Commercially available
corrosion inhibitors include:
• calcium nitrite, sodium
nitrite, dimethyl
ethanolamine, amines,
phosphates, ester amines.
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Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology and
Management

SHRINKAGE-REDUCING ADMIXTURES

• Shrinkage cracks,
such as shown on
this bridge deck,
can be reduced with
the use of good
concreting practices
and shrinkage
reducing
admixtures.
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Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology and
Management
COLORING ADMIXTURES
(PIGMENTS)

• These are the admixtures

used to give color to the
concrete to increase the
aesthetic appearance of
the structure and to make
it visually appealing.
• Red and blue pigments
were used to color this
floor

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Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology and
Management

MINERAL ADMIXTURES

• These are the natural pozzolanic materials or

industrial by-products that are commonly used in
concrete to replace part of the cement or sand.
• Types of mineral admixtures are:
• a) Fly ash
• b) Silica Fume
• c) Blended hydraulic cement

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Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology and
Management

CONCLUSION
Admixture can effectively improve the performance of
concrete. In many countries , where they are widely
being used, it has become an integral part of the
concrete material. In particular the use of high-
performance reducing agent.
Concrete admixtures allow even distribution of cement
particles resulting in a more compact cement, thus 
improving durability of concrete.

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Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology and
Management

BIBLIOGRAPHY
• www.google.com
• www.Wikipedia.en.com
• https://civildigital.com
/what-are-admixtures/
• https://www.peterschem
ical.com/concrete-acce
leration/
• https://www.quora.com/W
hat-are-the-uses-of-a-p
lasticizer-in-concrete
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Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology and
Management

THANK YOU

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