Information Systems for

Managers – S-01

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 Topics Covered
• Introduction to information systems
• Advances in information systems
• Impact on Business
• Functions of management
• Levels of management

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Introduction to information
systems
•Information Technology supports
every business function
•To be a successful manager, one
should understand how information
technology can provide better
products, enhance existing services
and create new business
opportunities
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 Advances in information systems
• Social networking sites, big data
• Applications in science and technology
• Mobile applications (e.g. BFSI segment)
• Automation (Education, retail, etc.)
• Artificial Intelligence (Decision making, etc.)

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 Impact on Business
• Globalization
• Improving top line
• Improving bottom line
• Informed decision making
• Increased customer satisfaction

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 Management
• Management is the process of
directing tasks and organizing
resources to achieve organization
goals

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Functions of Management
• Planning
• Organizing
• Leading
• Controlling

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 Planning
• Establishing organization goals
• Developing strategies to achieve
goals

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 Organizing
• Developing the structure of the
organization
• Acquiring human resources

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 Leading
• Motivating and managing
employees
• Forming task groups

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 Controlling
• Evaluating performance
• Controlling the organization
resources

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 Levels of management
• Top management
• Middle management
• First line management

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 Top management
• Establishing the goals of the
organization
• Interacting with representatives of
the external environment, such as
financial institutions, political figures
and important suppliers and
customers

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 Middle management
• Allocating resources so that the
objectives of top management are
accomplished

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 First line management
• Supervising day-to-day operations

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Activities of an organization
• Strategic planning (Long range
plans)
• Tactical (Budgets tactical plans)
• Operational (Day-to-day
transactions)

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Framework for information
systems
• Each level (Operational, tactical and
strategic planning – requires specific
information systems)

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 Operational systems
characteristics -1
• Repetitiveness – daily, weekly,
monthly
• Predictability
• Emphasis on the past – past
activities of an organization.
• Detailed nature – information is
very detailed e.g payslips

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 Operational systems
characteristics -2
• Internal origin – data comes from
internal sources. E.g. Payslip data
comes from timesheets
• Structured form – format of input
and output data is highly structured
• Great accuracy – data input and
output are carefully checked

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 Tactical systems
• Provide middle level managers with
the information they need to
monitor and control operations and
to allocate their resources effectively
• Generate a variety of reports

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Tactical systems characteristics -1
• Summary Reports – provide
management with important totals,
averages, key data and abstracts on the
activities of the organization
• Exception Reports – Warn managers
when results from a particular
operation exceed or do not meet
expected standard for the organization

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Tactical systems characteristics -2
• Adhoc Reports – Reports that
managers need, usually quickly, that
may never be needed again. E.g.
Overtime hours based on timesheets
• Periodic nature – information from
a tactical system is often produced
periodically e.g. Issues status in the
maintenance of systems
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Tactical systems characteristics -3
• Unexpected findings. E.g. Billing
alerts in a cloud computing
environment due to hacking
• Comparative nature – Information
is usually comparative in nature
rather than merely descriptive. E.g.
Comparison of project metrics with
organizational baselines or averages
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Tactical systems characteristics -4
• Summary form – The information is
usually not detailed, but in summary
form
• Both internal and external
resources – Data used for input to
the system may extend beyond
sources internal to the organization

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Strategic planning systems
• Designed to provide top managers
with information that assists them in
making long-range planning
decisions for the organization.
• Top management usually uses
strategic planning information
systems for setting long-term
organizational goals. E.g. RTLC
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Strategic planning systems
characteristics -1
• Adhoc basis – Information may be
produced either regularly or periodically.
• Unexpected information – The system may
produce unexpected information
• Predictive nature – The information is
usually predictive of future events rather
than descriptive of past events. Long range
planners choose a route that will improve
the organization’s level of success.

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Strategic planning systems
characteristics -2
• Summary form – Information is usually not detailed,
but in summary form. Long range planners are not
usually interested in detailed information; they are
usually concerned with more global data and trends.
• External data – A large part of the data used for
input to the system may be acquired from sources
external to the organization. E.g Gartner reports
• Unstructured format – Data used for input to the
system may contain data that are unstructured in
format.
• Subjectivity – The data used for input to the system
may be highly subjective

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 Summary
• Introduction to information systems
• Advances in information systems
• Impact on Business
• Functions of management
• Levels of management

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