TUTORIAL 13

SKENARIO 1 BLOK IKAKOM

Rendy Septianto 1618011075 Fatimah Azzahra 1618011134
Dina Amalia Kusmardika 1618011135
Rheza Paleva 1618011024
Jyoti Krisna Murti 1658011020
Bahtiar Yusuf Habibie 1618011094 Regina Pingkan 1618011037
Atica Ramadhani Putri 1618011061 Yustisya Khoirunnisa 1618011117
Brenda Widya Kencana 1618011164
• Health promotion: is the process of enabling people to increase
control over, and to improve, their health. It moves beyond a focus
on individual behaviour towards a wide range of social and
environmental interventions. (WHO)

• Health communication: is the study and practice of communicating

promotional health information, such as in public health campaigns,
health education, and between doctor and patient. The purpose of
disseminating health information is to influence personal health
choices by improving health literacy.

• Advocacy: in all its forms seeks to ensure that people, particularly

those who are most vulnerable in society, are able to: Have their
voice heard on issues that are important to them. Defend and
safeguard their rights. Have their views and wishes genuinely
considered when decisions are being made about their lives.

STEP 1
• 1. What are the steps for health promotion?
• 2. What are the health promotion for TB?
• 3. Advocacy for the scenario?
• 4. The theory of behavioral change?
• 5. What are the steps of health communication?

STEP 2
 STEP 1: MANAGE THE PLANNING PROCESS

• Develop a plan to manage stakeholder participation, timelines, resources, and

determine methods for data-gathering, interpretation, and decision making.

STEP 2: CONDUCT A SITUATIONAL ASSESSMENT

• to learn more about the population of interest, trends, and issues that may affect
• implementation, including the wants, needs, and assets of the community.
• this step involves identifying: what is the situation; what is making the situation
better and what is making it worse; and what possible actions you can take to
address the situation

STEP 3: IDENTIFY GOALS, POPULATIONS OF INTEREST, OUTCOMES

AND OUTCOME OBJECTIVES

• to use situational assessment results to determine goals, populations of interest,

outcomes and outcome objectives.

1. Steps for Planning a Health

Promotion Program
STEP 3
STEP 4: IDENTIFY STRATEGIES, ACTIVITIES, OUTPUTS,
PROCESS OBJECTIVES AND RESOURCES
• to use the results of the situational assessment to select strategies and activities,
feasible with available resources, that will contribute to your goals and outcome
objectives.

STEP 5: DEVELOP INDICATORS

• to develop a list of variables that can be tracked to assess the extent to which outcome
and process objectives have been met.

STEP 6: REVIEW THE PROGRAM PLAN

• to clarify the contribution of each component of the plan to its objectives, identify
gaps, ensure adequate resources, and ensure consistency with the situational
assessment findings.
2. The End TB Strategy
Goal:
End the global tuberculosis epidemic.
Indicators:
95% reduction by 2035 in number of TB deaths compared with 2015.
90% reduction by 2035 in TB incidence rate compared with 2015.
Zero TB-affected families facing catastrophic costs due to TB by 2035.

PILLAR 1: Integrated, patient-centred care and prevention

• Early diagnosis of tuberculosis including universal drug-susceptibility testing,
and systematic screening of contacts and high-risk groups.
• Treatment of all people with tuberculosis including drug-resistant tuberculosis,
and patient support.
• Collaborative tuberculosis/HIV activities, and management of co-morbidities.
• Preventive treatment of persons at high risk, and vaccination against
tuberculosis.
PILLAR 2: Bold policies and supportive systems
• Political commitment with adequate resources for tuberculosis care and
prevention.
• Engagement of communities, civil society organizations, and public and
private care providers.
• Universal health coverage policy, and regulatory frameworks for case
notification, vital registration, quality and rational use of medicines, and
infection control.
• Social protection, poverty alleviation and actions on other determinants of
tuberculosis.

PILLAR 3: Intensified research and innovation

• Discovery, development and rapid uptake of new tools, interventions and
strategies.
• Research to optimize implementation and impact, and promote innovations.
• World Health Organization defines advocacy for health as
“a combination of individual and social actions designed
to gain;
• Political commitment;
• Policy support;
• Social acceptance; and
• Systems for a particular health goal or program”

Main purposes:
• Encourage the public policies about health problem;
• Emphasizes responsibility of health professionals as
advocates of health at all levels in society.

3. Advocacy for Health

4. The Transtheoretical Model
(Stages of Change)
1. Pre-contemplation
• There’s no intention to taking action.

2. Contemplation
• There’re intention to take action and a plan to do so in the near future.

3. Preparation
• There’s intention to take and some actions or steps have been taken.

4. Action
• Behavior has been changed for short period of time and continues to be
maintained.
5. Maintenance
• Behavior has been changed for long term and continues to be maintained.

6. Termination
• There’s no desire to return to prior negative behaviors.
 WHO PRINCIPLES FOR
EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATIONS

The framework is organized according to six

principles to ensure WHO communications
are:
• accessible
• actionable
• credible and trusted
• relevant
• timely
• understandable

5. HEALTH COMMUNICATION
 Steps for health

Health Promotion
promotion
Health promotion
for TB?
Advocacy for the
scenario?
Theory of
behavioral change
Steps of health
communication
STEP 4
STEP 7. Learning
Objectives
1. How about the media and methods that we
can use according to the scenario?
2. Evaluation of health promotion
programme?
3. Epidemiology Measures of Tb
1. How about the media and methods that we can
use according to the scenario?

-Media-
a. Based on the general use

Reading material: Modules, reference books,

folders, leaflets, magazines, newsletters, and so on.
Demonstration materials: Single posters, series
posters, plipcharts, transparencies, slides, films, and
so on.
b. Based on the production method

Print media
A static media and prioritizes visual messages.
Electronic media
Moving and dynamic media, can be seen and heard in
conveying its message through electronic aids.
Outdoor media
Media that convey their messages outside of space in
general through static and print media.
-Methods-
3. Mass Educational Methods
1. Individual Educational Methods
a. Public speaking
a. Guidance and Counceling
b. Speech / discussions
b. Interview
through electronic media
c. Simulation of dialogue
2. Group Educational Methods
d. Soap operas about health
a. Big group
e. Article in magazines or
-Lectures
newspapers.
-Seminars
f. Billboard
b. Small Group
g. Advertising in TV or
-Group discussion
Radio
-Brainstorming
-Snow balling
-Buzz group
-Role play
-Simulation games
2. Evaluation of health promotion
programme?
j

-Steps- Determine what

which will
evaluated

Make Develop
conclusions and framework and
reporting limitation

Arrange plan Designing a

and instrument design (method)

Do observation,
measurement
and analysis
-Models-
a. Precede Proceed Model / PPM (1992)
b. RE_AIM Model (1999)
c. LOGIC Model
• WHO
Sepertiga penduduk dunia telah tertular TB, tahun 2000 lebih dari 8 juta
penduduk dunia menderita TB aktif. Penyakit TB bertanggung jawab terhadap
kematian hampir 2 juta penduduk setiap tahun, sebagian besar terjadi di negara
berkembang.

• Setiap tahun didapatkan 250.000 kasus TB baru di Indonesia dan kira-kira

100.000 kematian karena TB.

• Tuberkulosis merupakan penyebab kematian nomor satu

diantara penyakit infeksi dan menduduki tempat ketiga
sebagai penyebab kematian pada semua umur setelah
penyakit kardiovaskuler dan penyakit infeksi saluran napas
akut.

3. Epidemiology
Measures of Tb
• Di negara berkembang,TB pada anak berusia <15 tahun adalah
15% dari seluruh kasus TB, sedangkan di negara maju, lebih
rendah yaitu 5%-7%.

Gambar 1. Jumlah
populasi
berdasarkan usia di
negara
berkembang
Sumber: Peter R
Donald.
1. Departemen Kesehatan RI. Rencana strategi nasional penanggulangan tuberkulosis
tahun 2002-2006. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan RI; 2001.

2. Peter R D. Childhood tuberculosis: the hidden epidemic. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis
2004;8:627-9.

3. Notoatmodjo, Soekidjo, 2014. Promosi Kesehatan dan Ilmu Perilaku. Jakarta: PT

RINIKA CIPTA.

4. Kholid, Ahmad, 2012. Promosi Kesehatan dengan pendekatan teori prilaku, media,
dan aplikasinya. Perpustakaan Nasional: Katalog Dalam Terbitan (KDT). Jakarata :
Rajawali Pers.

5. World Health Organization (WHO). Guidance for

national tuberculosis programme on the management
of tuberculosis in children. WHO/HTM/2006.371.

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