Managing Complex Requirements: Reduce The Time, Cost and Risk of Developing Profitable Products and Systems

IBM Software, Rational
September 13, 2011
Managing Complex Requirements

Reduce the Time, Cost and Risk of Developing
Profitable Products and Systems
Systems and Software Engineering, Rational
© 2011 IBM Corporation

Software and Systems Engineering | Rational
Poor Requirements Management has a Significant Impact on your

Business
Requirements Rework
Requirements issues drive excessive rework,
 Errors, late detected in the Maintenance phase
delays, poor quality, and project failures
can cost up to 200 times more than detected
early in Requirement Analysis phase 1
 More than 40% of development budget 200
can be consumed by poor requirements 2 Time not spent in
Relative Cost to Repair

requirements is time 50
Project Impacts spent in rework
(at cost x200)
 41% of projects fail to deliver the expected 20
business value and ROI3
 49% of projects overrun original estimates 3 10
5
 28% of projects on time and on budget 4 1-2
0
Project Delays Analysis Design Coding Unit Test Acceptance Maintenance
Test
 Being late to market by 6 months or more will Stage in which Requirements Error Is Discovered
cost organizations 33% of the 5-year ROI 5
“Our research indicates 80-plus percent of development failures result directly

from poor requirements gathering, management, and analysis.”
IDC, November 2007
Sources: 1) Leffingwell & Widrig, “Managing Software Requirements,” Addison Wesley, 1999 2) IAG Consulting,
2008 3) Dynamic Market Limited, 2007 4) Standish Group, 2001 5) Don Reinertsen, McKinsey, 1983
2 © 2011 IBM Corporation

Process and Collaboration Challenges

To Deliver Higher Quality Systems & Software, Defined By Accurate
Requirements and Project Information
Project Engineer
CTO/Programme Director
Many of my colleagues are working on their Developer
We struggle with delivering own specifications, so I am never sure
complex projects on time, to where the latest requirements are or what
cost and with the quality that status they are at” Requirements change but why
the customer asked for doesn’t anyone tell me?
“I need access to a live central repository
and to know that I am looking at the latest “I need a process that ensures
“It’s impossible to roll up multiple-
approved requirements” traceability between my
project information to know we are
requirements and changes. I
on track or not”
need to know the status of those
changes”
Project Manager
Requirements Manager
The customer often gives us bad We do ok on our small projects, but on

QA Manager our really large ones my teams as well
requirements –it’s a nightmare
tracing how they are implemented by as the suppliers struggle to get all the
internal and external suppliers Audit is a nightmare as the pieces to fit together…
project teams and suppliers do
things differently “I need to implement a process that
“I need to implement a process enforces traceability between all my
that supports collaboration with “Everyone need to be following the project information and supply chain
customers, project team and same process and creating the
suppliers” same metrics and reports”

IBM Rational RM Solutions Addressing Various Needs/Cultures
Engineering & Market-driven Minimalist

Compliance
“Have we missed “Must get this out fast “We use our existing tools
anything?” with high quality.” for requirements, as well.”
DOORS
RequisitePro
Requirements Composer

Smarter healthcare Smarter energy
Products of all types are becoming more

instrumented, interconnected and intelligent © 2011 IBM Corporation
Innovation is increasingly being driven by software
Software encompasses
80% of the innovation
that differentiates today’s systems, products and services
The The
Theaverage
average2010
2010automobile
TheAndroid
Androidoperating
operatingsystem,
system, automobile
including the Linux kernel, contains
contains more linesofofsoftware
more lines software
including the Linux kernel,
contains code
code than a fighterjet
than a fighter
containsabout
about1212million
millionlines
linesofofcode
code jet

7
What does it take to build smarter products?
Connect multiple products and services into a

“system of systems” to deliver unique value
Leverage systems engineering to accelerate

time to market, improve quality and reduce costs
Develop a core competency in software delivery

to produce products that are differentiated

Complexity Creates Development Challenges

Leading to cost overruns, schedule slips and quality issues
Poor requirements engineering = failed projects

Paper-based and manual processes hinder efficiency
Complex architecture is difficult to textually explain
Functionality is poorly distributed across components
Hardware/software integration is often late
Many organizations lack formalized practices
Silos of people,
process, and projects
Geographic Barriers Organizational Barriers Infrastructure Barriers

 Poor communication  Weak collaboration  Incompatible tools
 Language, culture, time  Poor project governance  Unreliable access
 Process gaps resulting in and LOB oversight  Lengthy on-boarding
rework  Security of IP  Inflexible integration

End-to-end Product Innovation with IBM

Integrated Product Management

How do you foster innovation, manage increasing complexity and

establish a collaborative, responsive lifecycle approach in developing
systems?

7 steps to conquering complexity in creating smarter products

 Execute Systems Engineering Best Practice
 Elevate Real time and Embedded Software Development
 Unify Lifecycle Disciplines across Systems and Software Engineering
 Establish a Platform for Integration
 Enable Cross-Domain Collaboration
 Automate Process Guidance
 Adopt a Reuse Strategy for Product Lines



Advance your Systems Engineering practice to establish a

collaborative development environment to break down barriers
TEST TEAM
ELECTRONIC
Systems
Engineering
SOFTWARE
MECHANICAL

Best-in-class Systems Engineering in product companies results in

significant marketplace advantages
B
83%
met deadlines
13%
reduction in
development time
10% “Good system engineering

practices offer a lot of opportunity
reduction in product cost for greater profitability.
8% However, poor system engineering

practices are extremely costly.”
increase in profit margins
Source: “System Engineering”, Aberdeen Group, Michelle Boucher, October 2009 Michelle Boucher, Aberdeen Group


Software in products is growing at a rapid rate across many industries
Source, HBR, June 2010
…but few are prepared as

complexity
increases
Source: 2010 IBM CEO Study

Elevate Real time and Embedded Software Development

with Domain-Focused Model-Driven Development
 Raise level of abstraction to help manage complexity Standards-
Based
MDD
 More than just pictures – consistency maintained across views
 Unified Modeling Language – UML 2.x
– Industry-standard notation for specifying, visualizing, and documenting systems and
software designs
 Systems Modeling Language - SysML
– Extends/specializes UML to address needs of the Systems Engineer
– Open standard published by the OMG and INCOSE
Use Case Diagram shows Activity Diagram shows functions and functional flows Sequence Diagrams show collaboration
high level operation
Best-in-class product companies build a strong competency in

Real Time and Embedded Software
Best-of-class produce results:
 19% more meet revenue

targets
 4.4 times more

embedded software than
competitors
 50% fewer defects 38%

35%
30%
in embedded software 19%
13%
 25% decrease in product
development time
Source: “Embedded Systems Development”, Aberdeen Group, March 2009 © 2011 IBM Corporation


Rational solution for Systems and Software Engineering

Best Practices, Tools and Services on an open platform
Best Practices and Integrated Process Guidance
Rational Method Composer
REQUIREMENTS MANAGEMENT QUALITY MANAGEMENT

Manage all system requirements Achieve “quality by design” with an
with full traceability across the lifecycle integrated, automated testing process
Rational DOORS Rational Quality Manager
ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN

Use modeling to validate requirements, architecture
and design throughout the development process
Rational Rhapsody & Rhapsody Design Manager
COLLABORATION, PLANNING & CHANGE MANAGEMENT

Collaborate across diverse engineering disciplines and development teams
Rational Team Concert
DO-178B Open Services for Lifecycle Collaboration ISO 26262

DODAF MODAF AUTOSAR Automotive
SYSML Spice©
Android IEC 62304
Manage Requirements across Lifecycle and Disciplines

 Build the right product because the requirements are visible at all times
Prove that all requirements (user, safety, regulatory, etc.) were fully satisfied
 Understand the requirements
Analyze stakeholder needs
Evaluate coverage and impact analysis
 Validate the requirements
Analyze for correctness and to determine next steps

Translate Requirements into a System Design
 Build the product right with structural and

behavioral analysis and design
 Visualize the system
 Simulate to confirm functionality
 Analyze impact of changes
 Trace requirements in either direction
 Specify and develop software

Build in Quality from Concept to Launch

 Simulate often to validate functionality and verify correctness
 Automatically create and execute tests from the design model or target
platform
 Manage test cases. Prioritize the features and functions to be tested

Collaborate, plan and manage change across diverse teams

 Establish a Web-based collaboration hub
 Increase visibility with real time Dashboards
 Manage changes to requirements
 Respond faster with
Integrated Planning
 Collaborate in context
 Link all artifacts to work
items
Team Trending by
member project or by
Current details individual
milestone team
status



Establish an open integration platform

Enable a loosely coupled “web” of linked engineering data
Capture
disparate data
for project
visibility
tests
ECUs
baselines
requirements parts
project change
plans requests
documents Electronics
Jazz Dashboard
Integration based on the principals of the Internet © 2011 IBM Corporation
ALM with PLM

Jazz & OSLC enable open integration between engineering
disciplines
Rational Solution
Focal
Focal for Systems
RTC
RTC ,, CC,
CC, and Software Engineering
RTC, CQ, Quality
DOORS
DOORS
RequirementsPoint Rhapsody
Rhapsody
Mgmt, Architecture Third Party
Point Synergy& Design, Planning, Change
Synergy ChangeManagement,
Manager
Collaboration, Quality Management, …
Link from model to requirement Provides change management interface

RM OSLC CM OSLC
Link from mechanical part to requirement
PLM Tool
Open Services for Lifecycle Collaboration



Collaborative Design Management

Enhance cross-team collaboration in systems & software design
Central Design Hub IBM Collaborative
 Enterprise-wide search, Design Management
review, analyze, and reuse
 Links elements to artifacts
 Navigate and visualize
relationships
Stakeholder
Collaboration
 Mark-up diagrams
 Discussion thread
 Web client

Participate in the next generation of integration and collaboration
Themes:
 Access engineering artifacts
 Enable queries and reports

across artifact types
 Capture product configurations
 Provide common engineering

project planning and
dashboards
© 2011 IBM Corporation30



Integrate and Automate Process Guidance
Customer need: Injections of specific process capability
IBM provides process support components around a

library of proven practices for incremental adoption
Customer need: Desire to exploit proven processes
IBM provides industry proven process support,

integrated as an end to end process

How is process support provided ?
Practice library
Dashboards
Starting templates
Tool mentors Auto generation of

practice work items

Accelerate A&D, Automotive and Electronics development

Supporting industry-specific safety standards and co-development
 Aerospace and Defense
– Support for DO178B
– DO-178B is the international and de facto
standard for certifying all aviation safety-
critical software.
 Automotive
– Support for ISO 26262
– ISO 26262 is an upcoming new
automotive functional safety standard for
in-vehicle electric and electronic (E/E)
systems
 Electronics: HW/SW Co-design

– Improve synchronization of hardware
and software development with common
tools and language
– Includes integrations with key Electronic
Design Automation (EDA) companies *Planned August delivery © 2011 IBM Corporation
*Planned August delivery
IBM practices for DO-178B and ISO 26262

 Supports processes and work products defined in the standards
 Implemented in the Rational Solution for Systems and Software
Engineering
 Customizable for your business processes
 Tools to implement your own processes
DO-178B / ISO26262 Process template 　

Standard
Practice
Library
Work product template



Customers expect customized solutions

Companies must re-evaluate business processes and models
© 2011 IBM Corporation 37

Variant Management and Product Line Engineering

Entry points and the lifecycle solution
Strategic reuse to new generation lifecycle approach

Approaches: Solutions:
Variant Management via IBM Rational Solution for System
Strategic reuse and Software Engineering
Automated Lifecycle based on Product Line Engineering

features/functions Solution

Lifecycle Approach to Product Line Engineering
Features and functions

Requirements
Requirements
engineers
Product generator
Product line
Architects Design models
Development
Development assets
engineers
Quality
Test cases
engineers
© 2011 IBM Corporation 39

Rational solution for Systems and Software Engineering

Best Practices, Tools and Services on an open platform
Best Practices and Integrated Process Guidance
Rational Method Composer
REQUIREMENTS MANAGEMENT QUALITY MANAGEMENT

Manage all system requirements Achieve “quality by design” with an
with full traceability across the lifecycle integrated, automated testing process
Rational DOORS Rational Quality Manager
ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN

Use modeling to validate requirements, architecture
and design throughout the development process
Rational Rhapsody & Rhapsody Design Manager
COLLABORATION, PLANNING & CHANGE MANAGEMENT

Collaborate across diverse engineering disciplines and development teams
Rational Team Concert
DO-178B Open Services for Lifecycle Collaboration ISO 26262

DODAF MODAF AUTOSAR Automotive
SYSML Spice©
Android IEC 62304
GM leverages Rational solution to develop innovative

products
What’s smart?
 Innovative electric drive system
10 million lines of code; Nearly 100 microprocessors
Smarter business outcomes

 Volt was delivered in <5 years
Average 10+
How IBM helps GM develop

smarter products
 Requirements management
 Model-driven development
 Team collaboration
 Engineering asset management
 Technical services
 Business transformation services

IBM Rational support for the advancement of Systems Engineering

IBM Rational solution for systems and software engineering
IBM Rational solution for systems and software engineering
ibm.com/events/systemengineeringsymposium
ibm.com/events/systemengineeringsymposium
•Systems Engineering for

Dummies ebook
www.incose.org
www.incose.org
www.incose.org
www.incose.org
•Self Assessment on
System Engineering:
ibm.co/SEforDummies
ibm.co/SEforDummies
Tips to increase profit
Aberdeen Self Assessment on System Engineering margins
Aberdeen Self Assessment on System Engineering
by Aberdeen Group

Resources for more information

 Rational Solution for Systems and Software Engineering
– Taming the Complexity of Smarter Products with Systems Engineering
– Demo video: 8 min
– Executive Brief: Turning product development into competitive advantage
 Automating Process Guidance
– Accelerating Collaboration Across the Systems Development Lifecycle
 Asset reuse and product line engineering
– Working Smarter Not Harder- Tips and Tricks for Strategic Asset Reuse
 Industry Resources
– Webcast: Success with Model-Driven Development for DO-178B Projects
– Webcast: Creating & Managing Requirements for Hardware and Software Design
– Video: The Chevrolet Volt: IBM Rational Software Helps GM Deliver Smarter Products
Web pages
 IBM Rational solution for systems and software engineering
 IBM Rational systems engineering and software solutions for aerospace and defense
 IBM Rational automotive industry solutions
 IBM Rational medical devices industry solutions
 Jazz.net Community site: Systems Engineering and Embedded Software Development

 Unify Lifecycle Diciplines across Systems and Software Engineering
IBM is continually enhancing

industry specific solutions, best
practices and services for
helping companies develop and
deliver smart products
IBM Rational Solution for systems and software engineering

IBM Rational Solution for systems and software engineering
© Copyright IBM Corporation 2008. All rights reserved. The information contained in these materials is provided for informational purposes only, and is provided AS IS without warranty of any kind, express or implied.
IBM shall not be responsible for any damages arising out of the use of, or otherwise related to, these materials. Nothing contained in these materials is intended to, nor shall have the effect of, creating any warranties
or representations from IBM or its suppliers or licensors, or altering the terms and conditions of the applicable license agreement governing the use of IBM software. References in these materials to IBM products, programs,
or services do not imply that they will be available in all countries in which IBM operates. Product release dates and/or capabilities referenced in these materials may change at any time at IBM’s sole discretion based on market
opportunities or other factors, and are not intended to be a commitment to future product or feature availability in any way. IBM, the IBM logo, Rational, the Rational logo, and other IBM products and services are trademarks of
the International Business Machines Corporation, in the United States, other countries or both. Other company, product, or service names may be trademarks or service marks of others.

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IBM Software, Rational

September 13, 2011

Managing Complex Requirements

Systems and Software Engineering, Rational

© 2011 IBM Corporation

Poor Requirements Management has a Significant Impact on your

Relative Cost to Repair

“Our research indicates 80-plus percent of development failures result directly

2 © 2011 IBM Corporation

Process and Collaboration Challenges

The customer often gives us bad We do ok on our small projects, but on

3 © 2011 IBM Corporation

IBM Rational RM Solutions Addressing Various Needs/Cultures

Engineering & Market-driven Minimalist

4 © 2011 IBM Corporation

Smarter healthcare Smarter energy

Products of all types are becoming more

Innovation is increasingly being driven by software

© 2011 IBM Corporation

IBM Software, Rational

What does it take to build smarter products?

Connect multiple products and services into a

Leverage systems engineering to accelerate

Develop a core competency in software delivery

© 2011 IBM Corporation

Complexity Creates Development Challenges

Poor requirements engineering = failed projects

Geographic Barriers Organizational Barriers Infrastructure Barriers

© 2011 IBM Corporation

End-to-end Product Innovation with IBM

© 2011 IBM Corporation

How do you foster innovation, manage increasing complexity and

© 2011 IBM Corporation

7 steps to conquering complexity in creating smarter products

© 2011 IBM Corporation

7 steps to conquering complexity in creating smarter products

© 2011 IBM Corporation

Advance your Systems Engineering practice to establish a

© 2011 IBM Corporation

Best-in-class Systems Engineering in product companies results in

10% “Good system engineering

8% However, poor system engineering

7 steps to conquering complexity in creating smarter products

© 2011 IBM Corporation

Software in products is growing at a rapid rate across many industries

Source, HBR, June 2010

…but few are prepared as

Source: 2010 IBM CEO Study

© 2011 IBM Corporation

Elevate Real time and Embedded Software Development

Best-in-class product companies build a strong competency in

 19% more meet revenue

 4.4 times more

 50% fewer defects 38%

7 steps to conquering complexity in creating smarter products

© 2011 IBM Corporation

Rational solution for Systems and Software Engineering

REQUIREMENTS MANAGEMENT QUALITY MANAGEMENT

ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN

COLLABORATION, PLANNING & CHANGE MANAGEMENT

DO-178B Open Services for Lifecycle Collaboration ISO 26262

Manage Requirements across Lifecycle and Disciplines

© 2011 IBM Corporation

DO-178B / ISO26262 Process template 　