Design and Materials

Selection

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Bambang Suharno

Kuliah Desain dan Pemilihan Material

Program Pasca Sarjana

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department

University of Indonesia
Semester Genap 2016-2017
University of
Tujuan pembelajaran
Indonesia

 Mahasiswa mampu menjelaskan metode

pemilihan material dan mampu memilih
berbagai jenis material bidang rekayasa
untuk keperluan fungsi tertentu.

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

University of
Buku Ajar
Indonesia

 Materials Selection and Design , 1997, Volume 20 of ASM

Handbook
 M.F. Ashby, Material Selection in Mechanical Design
 Mangonon,P.L, The Principle of Material Selection for
Engineering Design,Prentice-Hall International, Inc, Melbourne,
1999
 Dieter,G.E.(Ed),ASM Volume 20,Material Selection & Design,
1997
 Crane,F.A.A. and J.A.Charles, Selection and use of
Engineering Material, Butterworth & Co, 1984
 Bradley, Elihu F, Super Alloys, ASM International, 1988
 Jurnal/ Publikasi Lainnya

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

University of
Why Material Selection is important?
Indonesia

 process to select the best materials which

may have the potential to perform well both in
industrially and commercially.
 the competition in the market is heavy.
 If a proper material selection is not done, the
product life tends to be highly unpredictable.
 therefore the material selection process is
quite important for the long term success of
engineering applications.

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

 Classification of Materials
University of
Indonesia

 Metals and Alloys

 Ceramics, Glasses,and Glass-ceramics
 Polymers (plastics), Thermoplastics and Thermosets
 Semiconductors
 Composite Materials

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

University of
The World of Materials
Indonesia
Steels
Cast irons
Al-alloys

Metals
Cu-alloys
Ni-alloys
Ti-alloys
PE, PP, PC
Alumina PA (Nylon)
Si-Carbide
Polymers,
Ceramics,
GFRP elastomers
glasses CFRP Butyl rubber
Soda-glass Neoprene
Pyrex Composites
KFRP
Plywood

Polymer foams Woods

Metal foams
Natural
Foams materials
Ceramic foams
Natural fibres:
Glass foams Hemp, Flax,
Cotton

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

 Representative examples,
applications, and properties for each
University of
Indonesia

category of materials

Example of Applications Properties

Metals and Alloys

Gray cast iron Automobile engine blocks Castable, machinable,
vibration damping
Ceramics and
Glasses
SiO2-Na2O-CaO Window glass Optically transparent,
thermally insulating
Polymers
Polyethylene Food packaging Easily formed into thin,
flexible, airtight film

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Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI
University of
Continued
Indonesia

Example of Applications Properties

Semiconductors
Silicon Transistors and integrated Unique electrical
circuits behavior

Composites Carbide cutting tools for High hardness, yet

Tungsten carbide machining good shock resistance
-cobalt (WC-Co)

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Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI
 © 2003 Brooks/Cole Publishing / Thomson Learning™
University of
Indonesia

Representative strengths of various categories of materials

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

University of
Indonesia

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

 Functional Classification of
Materials
University of
Indonesia

 Aerospace
 Biomedical
 Electronic Materials
 Energy Technology and Environmental Technology
 Magnetic Materials
 Photonic or Optical Materials
 Smart Materials
 Structural Materials

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Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI
 © 2003 Brooks/Cole Publishing / Thomson Learning™
University of
Indonesia

Functional
classification of
materials.
Notice that
metals, plastics,
and ceramics
occur in
different
categories. A
limited number
of examples in
each category is
provided

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

 Environmental and Other Effects
University of
Indonesia

Effects of following factors must be accounted for in

design to ensure that components do not fail
unexpectedly:

 Temperature
 Corrosion
 Fatigue
 Strain Rate

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Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI
University of
Indonesia

Figure 1.12
Increasing
temperature normally
reduces the strength
of a material.
Polymers are suitable
only at low
temperatures. Some
composites, special
© 2003 Brooks/Cole Publishing / Thomson Learning™

alloys, and ceramics,

have excellent
properties at high
temperatures

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

University of
Indonesia

15
Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI
University of
Indonesia Materials Design and Selection

 Density is mass per unit volume of a material,

usually expressed in units of g/cm3 or lb/in.3
 Strength-to-weight ratio is the strength of a material
divided by its density; materials with a high strength-
to-weight ratio are strong but lightweight.

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Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI
University of
Material Selection vs Design
Indonesia

 Pemilihan material
yang salah:
 Failure in service
 Terdapat cost yang
tidak perlu
 Material yang tepat:
 Performance in
service
 Menentukan
processing yang
tepat

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

 Materials vs Process
University of
Indonesia
-Casting
-Metal
-Forging
-Polimer
-Welding
-Keramik
-Machining
-Komposit
- Pressing
-Injection
Molding

Process Improvement : 10– 20 % Penghematan Production Cost

Substitusi Materials: 50 – 60 % Penghematan Production Cost
Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI
 Substitusi Aluminium Tuang ke Polimer
University of
Indonesia

Subsitusi Material

Aluminium Nylon 66

Keuntungan :
1. Lebih ringan dengan reject yg kecil
2. Tidak perlu proses machining
3. Bahan bakar lebih efisien
4. Cost produksi tereduksi

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

 Trend Penggunaan Berbagai Material Dalam Industri
Otomotif
University of
Indonesia 50,0%

45,0%

40,0%

35,0%

30,0%

25,0%

20,0%

15,0%

10,0%

5,0%

0,0%
Steel Steel Alumi- Metal
Cast Iron Plastic Rubber Glass Others
Sheet Casting nium Alloy

1970 46,9% 13,8% 14,3% 6,6% 5,0% 3,0% 3,0% 3,0% 4,4%

1980 45,7% 10,8% 16,0% 5,0% 5,3% 4,2% 2,7% 2,6% 7,7%

1990 42,5% 10,5% 20,8% 7,1% 5,9% 4,8% 2,6% 2,3% 3,5%

2000 34,0% 9,0% 20,0% 14,0% 7,0% 7,5% 3,0% 2,5% 3,0%

2010 25,0% 8,5% 18,0% 20,0% 7,5% 12,0% 3,2% 2,8% 3,0%

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

University of
Topik Kuliah
Indonesia

 Desain dan Pemilihan Material Tahan Korosi (Case

Study in oil and gas industry, power industry and
petrochemical industry)
 Desain dan pemilihan material tahan temperatur
tinggi ((Case Study in oil and gas industry, power
industry and petrochemical industry)
 Desain dan Pemilihan Material Tahan Aus (case
study in mining and cement industry)
 Function of Materials (Materials Selection)
 Biomaterials
 Solar cell (Energy)
 Magnetic or Electronic Materials
Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI