IMMUNOLOGY

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Immunology
1. IMMUNITY / IMUNITAS :
Reaksi terhadap bahan asing
Cellular
Events
Fisiologik Molecular
( Patologik ) ( I. Protection from disease )

2. IMMUNOGEN / IMUNOGEN :
Bahan → Inang → Stimulasi respon imun
→ dapat ikat Ab / sel imun ( dapat dideteksi )
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3. ANTIGEN / Ag
>  Imunogen
> Hanya mampu ikatan dengan antibody

4. ANTIBODY / Ab
Protein ← hasil stimulasi Ag
↓
Mampu mengikat Ag tersebut

5. IMMUNE SYSTEM / SISTEM IMUN

Sel-sel & molekul-molekul dalam sistem jaringan yang
bekerja pada imunitas

6. IMMUNE RESPONSE / RESPON IMUN

↓
Reaksi sel-sel & molekul-molekul → Ag →
coordinated → Respon spesifik 4
 IMUNISASI

Tindakan ~ usaha → respon imun spes.

• Imunogen / Vaksin → stimulasi
( active immune response ) → untuk
pencegahan dan pengobatan
• Adoptive transfer ( passive immune
response ) → untuk pengobatan

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 IMUNITAS
I. Imunitas alami
Natural ( innate ) Immunity
Physicochemical barrier ( skin, mucosal
surface )
Phagocytic cells ( in blood & tissue )
Natural killer ( NK ) cells
Various Blood – Borne Molecules :
complement, interferon, C reactive
protein, lisozyme, lactoferin, sitokin, dll
Not descriminate most foreign substances
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II. Imunitas spesifik
Acquired / spesific immunity
Distimulasi bahan asing ( imunogen ) → respon
spesifik terhadap imunogen tersebut & mampu
respon terhadap paparan bahan asing tersebut
berikutnya.
Karakteristik :
➣ Specificity ~ self / nonself discrimination
➣ Memory ~ responsive / increasing the
second response to exposure Ag
➣ Self regulation

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OXYGEN – DEPENDENT MECHANISMS :
Glucosa + Hexose monophosphate Pentose phosphate
NADP+ O2 burst +
Shunt + NADPH generation of
NADPH + O2 Cytochrome b-245 NADP+ + O2 superoxide anion

202- + 2H+ Spontaneous H2O2 + 1O

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Spontaneous
Dismutation
formation of further
O2- + H2O2 .OH + OH- + 1O2 microbidal agents

H2O2 + CI- myeloperoxidase OCI- + H2O Myeloperoxidase

generation of
OCI- + H2O 1O
2 + CI- + H2O microbicidal
molecules
202- + 2H+ Superoxide O2 + H2O2 Protective
Dismutase mechanisms used by
host + many
2H2O2 Catalase 2H2O + O2 microbes

OXYGEN – INDEPENDENT MECHANISMS :

Cationic proteins ( incl. cothepsin G ) Damage to microbial membranes
Lysozyme Splits mucopeptide in bacterial call wall
Lactoferrin Deprives proliferating bacteria of iron
Proteolytic enzymes variety of other Digestion of killed organisms
hydrolytic enzymes 11
 IMUNITAS SPESIFIK
1. SPESIFISITAS
• paratope / antigen binding site
pada antibodi / imunoglobulin
• Reseptor pada sel B / T
( Ig R / TCR )
~ sesuai / komplementer / kenal / respon dg
antigen determinant ( epitope )

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2. DIVERSITAS
> 109 reseptor / Ag binding site
! Pertahanan terhadap banyak
patogen di lingkungan

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3. INGATAN / MEMORY
Setiap Ag yang pernah masuk → stimulasi →
paparan berikut → mekanisme pertahanan efektif
pada respon imun sekunder ~ karena memory
cells ( prinsip vaksinasi )

4. DAPAT MEMBEDAKAN SELF / NONSELF

5. KOMPLEKSITAS
Koordinasi / ko stimulator / Regulasi reaksi
sel - sel & molekul – molekul yang kompleks
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6. SELF REGULATION
● ↑ Imunitas alami : IR ↑ pada fokus
infeksi ( Ag masuk ) → eliminasi Ag
> baik
● Perlu partisipasi phagocyte & C

7. TIPE IMUNITAS SPESIFIK

1. Imunitas humoral : Antibodi
2. Imunitas seluler
( CMI : Cell Mediated Immunity )
sel limposit T dan B
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 Biolgical
Process

Immune
System
Process

Somatic
Antigen Diverification
Leukocyte Immune Immune Tolerance Activation
Leukocyte Processing Of Immune Leukocyte
Activation Response System Induction Of Immune
Migration And Receptors Homeostasis
Development Response
presentation

Immune Organ or
Inflammatory
Immune Innate Humoral Response Tissue Adaptive
Response
Effector Immune Immune To Tumor Specific Immune
To Antigenic
Process Response Response Cell Immune Response
Stimulus
Response

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