GEOMETRY 1

LINES, RAYS AND ANGLES

 POINT

LINE

LINE SEGMENT

RAY
SOURCE: http://www.kidsnewsroom.org/elmer/infocentral/geometry/Lines.html
 PARALLEL LINES

PERPENDICULAR LINES

ANGLE
COMPLEMENTARY angles

B
A

<A + <B = 90°

SUPPLEMENTARY angles

A B

<A + <B = 180°

 Parallel Lines

1 2
34
56
7 8

CORRESPONDING ANGLES : 1and 5 ; 2 and 6; 3 and 7; 4 and 8

ALTERNATE INTERIOR ANGLES : 3 and 6; 4 and 5
ALTERNATE EXTERIOR ANGLES : 1and 8 ; 2 and 7
Exercise:

1 2
34
56
7 8

If <1 = 148°, find the remaining

values of other angles.
TRIANGLES
 Equilateral
 Isosceles

 Scalene

 Right
PROPERTY 1:
Exercise:
C

75°
80°
7 7

A 50° B 80°

A = 50° B = 52.5° C = 20°

 PROPERTY 2:

A C
A < B+C
B < A+C
A C B C < A+B

B
 Pythagorean Triples
 Sets of possible measurement of triangles’ sides which
satisfies the Pythagorean theorem.
 3,4,5

 5,12,13

 7,24,25

 8,15,17

 9,40,41

 11,60,61

 20,21,29

***Pythagorean triples
Exercise:

LENGTHS OF THE SIDES ANSWERS

 3, 4, 5  Possible!
 10, 21, 7  Not possible!
 38, 9, 12  Not possible!

 5, 12, 13  Possible!
 1, 5, 0  Not possible!
PROPERTY 3:

b
<a + <b + <c = 180°

c a
PROPERTY 4:

Remote angles: c and b

Exterior angle: d
b
<d = <c + <b

c a d
Exercise: Find x.

x = 145° x = 25°

35° x x 155°

70°
x = 160°

x
PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM

b C² = A² + B²
C
A

c a
B
SOH – CAH - TOA

b
C
A
c a
B

sin a = opposite / hypotenuse = A/C

cos a = adjacent / hypotenuse = B/C
tan a = opposite / adjacent = A/B
 SPECIAL RIGHT TRIANGLES

b
C
A
c a
B
30-60-90 45-45-90
Smaller leg = ½ C Each leg = ½ C * sqrt(2)
Longer leg = ½ C *sqrt(3)
 Exercise:
b
C
A
c a
B

1. What is C if sin a = 3/8? 1. 8

2. What is A if cos b = 7/9? 2. 7
3. What is C if tan a = ¾? 3. 5
4. What is B if sin a = 6/13? 4. Sqrt (133)
QUADRILATERALS
Note:
Diagonal – line segment joining two
nonconsecutive vertices of a polygon
 Parallelogram
 Opposite sides are parallel and congruent
 Opposite angles are congruent
 Any pair of consecutive angles are
supplementary
 Rhombus
 Parallelogram having all sides congruent
 Diagonals are perpendicular bisector to each
other
 Rectangle
 Diagonals are in equal length
 All four angles measures 90°

 Square
A rhombus and a rectangle
 Diagonals form four isosceles triangles

 Trapeziod
 Only one pair of sides are parallel
SIMILARITY
 Same shape

 Corresponding angles are congruent

 Corresponding sides are proportional

 Ratio of the areas: SQUARE of the linear ratio
of the corresponding sides, radius, etc.

 Ratio of the volumes: CUBE of the linear ratio

of the corresponding sides, radius, diagonal,
etc
POLYGONAL PROPERTIES
Polygon with n sides

 Number of all diagonals that can be

drawn = ½ n(n-3)
 Sum of the interior angles = 180°(n-2)

 Measure if each angle =180°- (360°/n)

 Sum of exterior angles = 360°