Curative

Preventive Diagnostics

Regenerative

Chimeric
Therapeutic
Laboratory
Progenitor cell
Specialised Differentiation
 SELF – RENEWAL 
 Signals to Stem Cells

Matrix Molecules
Self-Renewal

Soluble Factors

Other Cells Differentiation

•Types
Of
Stem
Cells
Embryonic
Stem Cells
• Hematopoietic stem cells

• Mesenchymal stem cells

• Endothelial stem cells

• Neural stem cells lateral ventricles, and the dentate

gyrus ---neocortex.
SOX2, OCT4 and NANOG, other genes such
as KLF4, REX1, SSEA3, SSEA4, TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81
• Pros:
– Cells would be genetically identical to
patient or donor of skin cells (no immune
rejection!)
– Do not need to use an embryo
• Cons:
– Cells would still have genetic defects
– One of the pluripotency genes is a cancer
gene
– Viruses might insert genes in places we
don’t want them (causing mutations)
Cadaveric Scaffold
 Haematopoitic •Bone Marrow
Stem Cell
Transplantaion Transplantation
Factors known to affect stem cells

• Low stress levels

• Regular exercise
• Enriching experiences
• Learning new information
• Healthy diets: rich in antioxidants
• Avoid excessive drinking
Thank You