Konsep

Pendinginan
Greenhouse
Why Cool Greenhouses?
• Most places have a summer climate
that requires greenhouse cooling –
even Vermont

• A greenhouse must be capable of

cooling in the winter and summer

• With passive cooling greenhouses

can reach temperatures of 20°F
greater (or more) than the air
temperature
 Mengapa Rumah Kaca perlu pendingin ?

• Sebagian besar tempat memiliki iklim

musim panas yang membutuhkan
pendinginan rumah kaca
• Sebuah rumah kaca harus mampu
menjadi dingin di musim dingin dan
musim panas
 Too HOT!!
• Loss of stem strength

• Reduction of flower size

• Delay of flowering

• Bud abortion
Akibat Ruang yang Terlalu
panas

• Kehilangan kekuatan batang

• Pengurangan ukuran bunga
• Keterlambatan berbunga
• Bud aborsi
SUMMER COOLING WINTER COOLING

• Active • HAF fans

– Fan-and-pad
cooling
• Convection tube
– Fog
cooling
• Passive
– ventilators
Passive Cooling
• Percent of roof space ventilated has
increased over time with design
improvements

• Success is very crop specific

• Even fully retractable roof designs are

now available

• Cheaper to operate than active cooling

systems, but construction costs aren’t less
expensive
 Acta Hortic. 443: 31-38

http://aesop.rutgers.edu/~horteng/OPENROOF3.HTM
Effectiveness of Summer Cooling

• Fan and pad cooling can lower to

80% of the difference between the
wet and dry bulb temperatures

• Fog cooling can lower the

temperature by nearly all of the
difference

• Both of these systems are most

effective at low humidity
Evaporative Cooling

• Works well in most climates; where

might it not function effectively?

• Based on heat absorption during the

evaporation of water

• Relatively inexpensive compared to

other types of cooling
http://www.munters.com/home.nsf/FS1?ReadForm&content=/products.nsf/ByKey/OHAA-55GSWH

http://okfirst.ocs.ou.edu/train/meteorology/HeatTransfer.html
Pad and Fan Cooling
• Available for almost 50 years

• Most common system for summer

cooling

• Originally the pad was composed of

wood shreds

• Today it is composed of cellulose

• Exhaust fans are placed on the opposite

wall
Active Summer Cooling System
Calculations (Basics)
• Fan-and-Pad system

• Rate at which warm air must be

removed from the greenhouse

– Types of pads used

– Fan placement
– Path of the airstream
Pad Types and Specifications
• Excelsior pads (wood fiber) had to be framed in
wire mesh for support; required annual
replacement

• Cross-fluted cellulose is the most popular today,

can last up to 10 years
– Should be kept from heavy rains
– Only move if dry
• Other types of pads include aluminum fiber, glass
fiber, and plastic fiber

• Why are pads thick? and why do they have a

cross fluted design?
Cross-fluted cellulose pads
• Come in height increments of ft

• Available in 2, 4, 6, and 12 inches thick

• A 4-inch-thick pad will handle an air

intake of 250 cfm/ft2; a six inch 350 cfm/ft2

• By way of comparison excelsior pads can

only support an airflow rate of 150 cfm/ft2

• You want vents over the exterior of the

pads to seal the external air source off
when active cooling isn’t needed
More Details
• Water must be delivered to a 4-inch pad at the
rate of 0.5 gpm per linear foot of pad
• For a 6-inch thick cellulose pad a 0.75 gpm
per linear foot is required
• Longest recommended delivery pipe is 60ft for
the 4 inch system and 50 ft for the 6 inch
system1/8 inch holes every three inches are
required for both systems
• Holes point upward and release water into an
impingement cover – water drips down onto a
distribution pad
Rate of Air Exchange
• Measured in cfm (cubic feet per minute)

• NGMA uses 8 cfm/ft2 of floor space as a

standard

• In warmer climates 1 volume per minute

recommended roughly 11-17 cfm/ft2

• As elevation increases so must the rate of

air removal. Why?
Other factors:
• Light Intensity

• Temperature rise across the

greenhouse

• Pad-to-fan distance
Calculating Air Removal Rate
1. Calculate the standard cfm = Greenhouse
area X 8 cfm/ft

2. Correct for the standard rate of air removal

using the larger of Fhouse or (Fvel)

3. Fhouse = Felev X Flight X Ftemp

4. Total cfm = standard cfm X (Fhouse or Fvel)

5. Select the fans to install

Exhaust Fan Placement Rules
• Should not be more than 25 ft apart

• If the end of the greenhouse is 60 ft wide you will

need at least 3 fans

• Fans should be evenly spaced at plant height

• Place fans on leeward side of the greenhouse

• Rules change with multiple houses

• Protect fans from weather and provide screening on

both sides to protect workers, visitors, and wildlife

• Air movement can cause special problems in larger

houses
Fog Cooling
• 20-year-old technology

• High pressure water

delivery system
generates a fog of very
fine water particles (<10
microns)

• Drops evaporate in the

air

• Even dispersal of the

particles means cooling
of throughout the
greenhouse

http://www.valproducts.com/Air/EvapFog.html
Fog Cooling
• Initial cost usually close to that of fan and pad
cooling
systems (water quality determining factor)

• Operating cost less than fan-and-pad cooling

• Dispersion of water particles in the greenhouse air

where they extract heat from the air as they
evaporate.

• Rate of cooling increases proportionately as water

droplet size decreases.

• Systems allow near 100 percent cooling efficiency

and wet bulb temperatures can essentially be
obtained
Fog Cooling II
• Exhaust fans still used

• Fog nozzles installed just inside the inlet

ventilators

• Roughly half the exhaust fan capacity of fan-

and-pad cooling systems is necessary

• High water quality is critical

• Can also be used with plant propagation systems

• – Disease occurrence much lest than with a mist

system. Why?
Fog Cooling Advantages
• There is less electrical consumption

• Heat rise across the greenhouse is

controlled

• Cooler average temperatures can be

achieved across the greenhouse

• System is good substitute for mist systems

on propagation benches.
Effectiveness of Winter Cooling

• Ventilators ‘used’ to be the only

way to winter cool – problems

• Convection-tube and HAF

eliminate horizontal temperature
gradient problems

• Both modern systems circulate air

in the greenhouse
Active Winter Cooling
• Convection tube cooling
– Exhaust fan turned on
– A louver opens in the gable
– A pressurizing fan in the end of the
polyethylene tubes turns on
– Cool air mixes with greenhouse warm air
and galls to the
floor cooling the plant growing area

• Pressurizing fan must move as much

air as the exhaust
fan.

• 2 cfm required
HAF fans
• Similar to convection-tube-system

• Requires HAF fans in the place of

convection tubes

• HAF fans can be used for air

circulation when neither heating nor
cooling is in operation
Integrating of Heating and
Cooling Systems
Remember: there are some spring and
fall days when you may have to use,
summer heating, winter cooling and
summer cooling systems all on the
same day
 BRING
CALCULATORS
and
TEXTBOOK on
Thursday !!!!