WELCOME

Presented By
Name:-Vishakha Vijay Nimbalkar
1.Introduction To ANN:-
 The ability to learn, memorize and still generalize,
prompted research in algorithmic modelling of
biological nervous system.
 Artificial neural networks (ANN) are computing
systems inspired by the biological neural
networks that constitute animal brains.
 The neural network itself is not an algorithm, but
rather a framework for many different machine
learning algorithms to work together and process
complex data inputs
2.Biological Neuron:-
•Parts Of Biological Neuron:
 Soma: Nucleus of neuron.
 Dendrites: Long irregularly shaped filaments attached
to the soma.
 Axon: Another type link attached to the soma.
 Output of the axon: Voltage pulse that lasts for ms.
 Firing of neuron : Membrane potential.
 Axon: Axon terminates in a specialized contact called
the synaptic junction.
 Larger area: Excitatory & Smaller area:Inhibitory.
4.ANN architectures:
 Neural Networks are known to be universal function
approximators.
 Various architectures are available to approximate any
nonlinear function
 Different architectures allow for generation of
functions of different complexity and power
A. Feedforward networks
B. Feedback networks
C. Lateral networks
A.Feedforward Network:
i).Input layer: Number of neurons in
this layer corresponds to the number of
inputs to the neuronal network.

ii). Hidden layer: This layer has

arbitrary number of layers with
arbitrary number of neurons.

iii).Output layer: The number of

neurons in the output layer corresponds
to the number of the output values of the
neural network.
B.Feedback Network:
 An Elman network is a three-layer network with the
addition of a set of "context units" .
 The middle (hidden) layer is connected to these
context units fixed with a weight of one.
 At each time step, the input is feed-forward and a
learning rule is applied.
 The fixed back-connections save a copy of the
previous values of the hidden units in the context units
 The context units are fed from the output layer
instead of the hidden layer.
C.Lateral Networks:
 There exist couplings of
neurons within one layer.
 There is no essentially
explicit feedback path
amongst the different layers.
 This can be thought of
as a compromise between
the forward and feedback.
5.Learning methods:-
1.Supervised learning:
2.Unsupervised learning:
3.Reinforced learning:
6.Advantages :
 Storing information entire network:-Information
such as traditional programming is stored on entire
network,not on database.
 Ability with incomplete knowledge:-After
incomplete knowledge dat may produce output even
with incomplete information.
 Ability to make machine learning:-Artificial neural
networks learn events and make decisions on similar
events.
7.Disadvantages:
 Hardware dependence:-ANN requires processors
with parallel processing powers,in accordance with
their structures.
 Unexplained behavior of network:-This is the most
important problem of ANN.
 The duration of network is unknowns:-The network
is reduced to a certain value of error on sample means
that the training has been completed
8.ANN applications:
1. Classification, the aim is to predict the class of an
input vector
2. Pattern matching, the aim is to produce a pattern
best associated with a given input vector
3. Pattern completion, the aim is to complete the
missing parts of a giveninput vector
4. Optimization, the aim is to find the optimal
values of parameters in an optimization problem
5. Control, an appropriate action is suggested based
on given an input vectors.
THANK YOU