FEMALE

REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
Evy Sulistyoningrum
 Genitalia interna
◦ Ovaria
◦ Oviduct
◦ Uterus
◦ Vagina
 Genitalia Externa
◦ Clitoris
◦ Labia majora
◦ Labia minora
 Acessory:
◦ Placenta
◦ Mammary Glands
 Produce ovum
 Accept spermatozoa
 Provide appropriate environment for fertilization
 Provide environment for embryo development
 Delivering products
 Nutrition
 Almond shaped, 3 cm X 1.5 cm X 1 cm

 Germinal epithelium; tunica albuginea

 2 region:
◦ Cortex (zona parenchymatosa): ovarian folicles in
many stadia
◦ Medulla (zona vasculosa): blood vessels, nerves,
lymph, fibroelastic CT

 Function:
◦ Oogenesis
◦ Steroidogenesis  Endocrine (Estrogen, Progesteron)
 Oogenesis: 5 juta oogonia (bln V)  1 juta
(kelahiran)

 Bayi lahir:
◦ Stadium Diploten profase Meiosis I
◦ Jumlah kromosom=2n
◦ 600.000 atresia

 Masa dewasa/ reproduktif OVULASI

◦ ~ 450 oosit selama 30-40 tahun
◦ Stadium metafase Meiosis II
◦ Oosit lain  ATRESIA
◦ Pembelahan berlanjut setelah ovum dibuahi
TA

PF
GE
S
 Most primitive
 Consists of:
◦ Primary oocyte
 Ǿ 25 μm
 Big, pale nucleus
◦ Follicle cells
 Simple squamous cells
 Primary oosit
 Cuboidal follicle cells
 1 layer: folikel primer unilaminer
 Follicle cell proliferation → granulosa cells
 Folikel primer multilaminer
 Zona pellucida
 Theca interna
◦ Receptor for LH
◦ Produce estradiol
 TI
FC

GE
PO

ZP
 Ǿ 200 μm
 Liquor follikuli in Call-
Exner bodies → TE
antrum folikulli
 Theca interna-externa

TI
LF
 Antrum
 Mature follicle
 Ǿ 2, 5 cm (ovulation)
 Cumulus oophorus CO

 Corona radiata O
 Membrana granulosa MG
A
 14 days before next menstruation
 1 oocyte/ovulation
 Corpus rubrum → Corpus luteum (produce
progesteron)
 Lutein cell
◦ Granulosa lutein
◦ Theca lutein
 No fertilization → Corpus albicans
 Fertilization → corpus luteum gravidarum
 Infundulum; fimbriae
 Ampulla
 Isthmus
 Tuba intra mural
 Layers of the wall::
◦ Mucosa
 Simple Columnar epithelium: Ciliated cell, Secretory cell
(Peg cell)
 Lamina propria
◦ Muscularis : 2 layers of smooth muscle cells
◦ Serosa :Simple Squamous (mesotel)
 Pear shaped, 7 x 4 x 2,5 cm3
 3 parts:
◦ Corpus
◦ Fundus
◦ Cervix
 Corpus & fundus:
◦ Mucosa: Endometrium
◦ Muscularis: Myometrium
◦ Serosa/adventitia: Perimetrium
Kelenjar endometrium

perimetrium
 Dense irregular connective tissue with
attached mesothelium (serosa)
 Dense irregular connective tissue
(adventitia)
 Blood vessels
 Thickest layer
 Four poorly defined layers of smooth
muscle separated by connective tissue
 Inner and outer layers are mostly
longitudinal in orientation
 Middle layers are more circular
 Middle layer thickens in pregnancy with
more smooth muscle cells and increased
collagen
 Simple columnar epithelium invaginated
into simple tubular glands
 Ciliated columnar cells and secretory
columnar cells
 Lamina propria of highly cellular
connective tissue and vessels
 2 zones in endometrium
◦ functional layer
◦ basal layer
 Functional layer
◦ surface layer sloughed off during menstruation
◦ replaced during each menstrual cycle
 Basal layer
◦ deeper layer retained after menstruation
◦ gland cells give rise to new epithelium
 Arcuate arteries in the myometrium give
rise to the
◦ straight arteries of the basal layer
◦ coiled arteries of the functional layer
 Estrogen and progesterone from ovary
stimulate changes in the endometrium
 28 day cycle on average
 Begins age 12-15 and ends age 45-50
 3 main phases of cycle
◦ Menstrual phase: days 1-4
◦ Proliferative (follicular) phase: days 5-14
◦ Ovulation around day 14
◦ Secretory (luteal) phase: days 15-28
 Days 5-14 leading up to ovulation
 Endometrium consists of just gland bases
 Cells of gland bases proliferate forming simple
columnar epithelium
 2-3 mm of endometrium form with glands of
straight tubes with narrow lumens
 Coiled arteries grow into regenerated lamina
propria
 Begins after ovulation, days 15-28
 Corpus luteum forms and produces
progesterone
 Glands develop further, become coiled and
begin to secrete glycogen
 Stromal edema, glycogen >>
 Endometrium reaches 5 mm thick
 Day 1-4 menses
 Progesterone and estrogen decrease 
coiled arteries to constrict  cutting off
blood flow to the functional layer of
endometrium
 Endometrial cells die; functional layer
sloughed off
 Vessels distal to constrictions shed with
the functional layer  bleeding
Endometrium - menstrual
phase
 Lower part of uterus
 Lined by mucous secreting simple
columnar epithelium
 Part of cervix in upper vagina has
stratified squamous nonkeratinized
epithelium
 Squamo-columnar junction
 Some smooth muscle and much
connective tissue in lamina propria
 Cervical mucosa has mucous glands
 Cervical mucosa remains intact during
menstrual cycle
 Cervical gland secretions vary during
menstrual cycle
◦ at ovulation : mucous is watery  sperm can
penetrate easily
◦ in luteal phase/pregnancy: viscous mucous 
block sperm or microbes
 Epithelium is stratified squamous partly
keratinized
 No glands in epithelium
 Underlying lamina propria of loose connective
tissue, highly vascularized with many elastic
fibers
 Muscular layer of circular and longitudinal
smooth muscle
 Adventitia of dense irregular connective
tissue with elastic fibers, many vessels and
nerves
 Labia majora
◦ Skin fold, adipose tissue >>, smooth muscle <
◦ Sweat & sebaceous glands
◦ Homologous of scrotum

 Labia minora
◦ Skin fold, medial to labia mayora
◦ Songious CT, elastic fibers >>
◦ Sebaceous gland >>, vessels >>, nerves >>
◦ Vestibulum
 Collects Bartholini & minor vestibularis glands
 Orificium urethra externa & introitus vagina
 Hymen → fibrovaskular tissue
 Clitoris
◦ Tips of both labia minora  glans clitoridis
◦ Homologous of penis
◦ Erectile tissue
◦ Blood vessels >>
◦ Nerves: corpusculum Meissner & Paccini