BY: SIDHARTH,SHIVANSH,KESHAV, AARUSH & ARNAV

Mars
Moon

Earth
Rocket 1st stage separates
Rocket 2nd stage separates
Orion module launched into orbit
Orion launched into earth orbit
3rd Stage rocket fired for tran-slunar orbit
Orion entry into trans-Lunar Orbit
Orion entry into Lunar Orbit
 Lunar orbiter platform gateway

Orion crew module

 Lunar orbiter platform gateway

Habitat module
 Lunar orbiter platform gateway

Logistics module
 Lunar orbiter platform gateway

Airlock module
Power & Propulsion Module
Habitation Module
Logistics Module
Airlock Module
Orion Crew module
Lunar orbiter platform gateway
Logistics vehicle transfer to lower orbit
Logistics vehicle Entry into Lunar Lower orbit

Gateway orbit
Moon Lander
Moon Rover
Moon Rover
Moon Rover
Moon Rover
Moon Rover
Moon Rover doing moon exploration
Lunar orbiter platform
gateway
• We would like to express our special thanks of gratitude
to our teacher Seema ma’am who gave us the golden
opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic
THE MOON which also helped us in doing a lot of
Research and we came to know about so many new
things we are really thankful to them.
Secondly we would also like to thank all the people in
finalizing this project within the limited time .
 Lunar Orbital Platform Gateway
 Participating Space Stations
 Price Of Satellite And Whole Mission
 2019: A Start For LOP-G
 Importance Of Halo Orbit
 Benefits Of LOP-G To Mankind
Lunar Orbital Platform – Gateway (LOP-G) is a proposed space
station in lunar orbit intended to serve as a solar-powered
communications hub, science laboratory, short-term habitation
module, and holding area for rovers and other robots.[1]While the
project is led by NASA, the Gateway is meant to be developed,
serviced, and utilized in collaboration with commercial and
international partners. It will serve as the staging point for robotic and
crewed exploration of the lunar south pole, and is the proposed
staging point for NASA's Deep Space Transport concept
• NASA administrator Jim Bridenstine told reporters that the cost
of the gateway won't be nearly as much as the cost of the crewed
Apollo missions in the 1960s. NASA's current budget is now
about 0.5 percent of annual federal funds, compared to its former
height of 4.5 percent in the mid-1960s. The agency plans to begin
the Gateway project without drawing on increased federal funding.
And the final budget of this whole mission will be 450 million US
dollars .
• Gateway development includes all of the International Space
Station partners: ESA, NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, and
CSA. The International Space Exploration Coordination
Group (ISECG), which is composed of 14 space agencies
including NASA, has concluded that LOP-G will be critical in
expanding a human presence to the Moon, Mars, and deeper into
the Solar System which will be known as the deep space gateway
 News of March 3, 2018 –
• The year 2019 should mark the departure of the Lunar Orbital
Platform-Gateway project. Indeed the first contract for the
construction of modules of the Lunar Orbital Platform Gateway
should be signed next year. It is the propulsion and power supply
module that should benefit from the first real financing. Then come
the manned module in 2022, the elements of the station should be
launched by the SLS and a commercial launcher in the same order.
If all goes as planned, the four modules of the station will be
operational in 2026. NASA’s international partners will then
conduct missions carrying four astronauts for a few weeks in the
lunar neighbourhood. First picture-construction. 2nd picture-lop-g
• Many have hoped the next triumph could come in the form of a manned
mission to Mars or the construction of a lunar base. But these projects
have taken a backseat to NASA’s proposed Lunar Orbital Platform-
Gateway (LOP-G).
• According to NASA officials, the outpost would orbit the moon and
serve as a staging area for missions deeper into space. The idea has
been endorsed by the Trump administration. During a speech last month
at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Vice President Mike Pence
said the administration hopes to have an American crew aboard the
LOP-G by 2024.
• But critics have emerged with pointed criticisms of the project. Many
have noted that the proposal lacks a clearly defined scientific goal.
Robert W. Farquhar first used the name "halo" for these orbits in his 1968 Ph.D. thesis.[1] Farquhar
advocated using spacecraft in a halo orbit on the far side of the Moon (Earth–Moon L2) as a
communications relay station for an Apollo mission to the far side of the Moon. A spacecraft in such
a halo orbit would be in continuous view of both the Earth and the far side of the Moon. In the end, no
relay satellite was launched for Apollo, since all landings were on the near side of the Moon.
The first mission to use a halo orbit was ISEE-3, launched in 1978. It traveled to the Sun–Earth
L1 point and remained there for several years. The next mission to use a halo orbit was Solar and
Heliosphere Observatory (SOHO), a joint ESA and NASA mission to study the Sun, which
arrived at Sun–Earth in 1996. It used an orbit similar to ISEE-3.
A halo orbit is a periodic, three-dimensional orbit near the L1, L2 or L3 Lagrange points in the three-
body problem of orbital mechanics. Although the Lagrange point is just a point in empty space, its
peculiar characteristic is that it can be orbited. Halo orbits are the result of a complicated interaction
between the gravitational pull of the two planetary bodies and the Coriolis and centrifugal
accelerations on a spacecraft. Halo orbits exist in any three-body system, e.g. the Sun–Earth system
and the Earth–Moon system.
 PROPES TIMELINE OF LOP-G LAUNCH AS PARTS

Year Vehicle assembly objective Mission name Launch vehicle Human/robotic elements

Launch of the Power and

Q4 2022 TBA Commercial launch vehicle Uncrewed
Propulsion Element (PPE)

ESPRIT and US Utilization

2023 TBA Commercial launch vehicle Uncrewed
Module

Three components of an
2023 TBA Commercial launch vehicles Uncrewed
expendable lunar lander

Orion docking to the Gateway,

Space Launch System, Block
2024 followed by a lunar landing Artemis 3 Crewed
1B
and return to the Gateway

Orion will deliver the U.S.

Space Launch System, Block
2025 Habitation module; lunar Artemis 4 Crewed
1B
landing.
Orion will deliver U.S. Habitat; Space Launch System, Block
2026 Artemis 5 Crewed
lunar landing 1B
Orion will deliver the first
Space Launch System, Block
2027 logistics module and the Artemis 6 Crewed
1B
robotic arm
Space Launch System, Block
2028 Deliver a logistics module Artemis 8 Uncrewed
1B
 Power and Propulsion Element
(PPE)
• The Power and Propulsion Element (PPE) started development at the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory during the now canceled Asteroid Redirect Mission.
The original concept was a robotic, high performance solar electric spacecraft
that would retrieve a multi-ton boulder from an asteroid and bring it to lunar orbit
for study. The PPE will allow access to the entire lunar surface and act as a
space tug for visiting craft. It will also serve as the command and communications
center of the Gateway.[The PPE is intended to have a mass of 8-9 t and the
capability to generate 50 kW[31 of solar electric power for its ion thrusters, which
can be supplemented by chemical propulsion. It is targeting launch on a
commercial vehicle in 2022. In May 2019, Maxar Technologies was contracted
by NASA to manufacture this module, which will also supply the station with
electrical power and is based on Maxar's 1300 series satellite bus. Maxar was
awarded a firm-fixed price contract of $375 million to build the PPE.
 ESPRIT
• The European System Providing Refueling, Infrastructure and
Telecommunications (ESPRIT) service module will provide additional
xenon and hydrazine capacity, additional communications equipment, and an
airlock for science packages. It would have a mass of approximately 4 t
(8,800 lb), and a length of 3.91 m (12.8 ft). The studies and design are
being performed mostly by Airbus and OHB.
 US Utilization Module
• The Minimal Habitation Module (MHM), formerly known as the Utilization
Module, will be built by Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems (NGIS). A
commercial launch vehicle would launch the MHM before the end of year 2023.
The MHM is based on a Cygnus Cargo resupply module] to the outside of
which radial docking ports, body mounted radiators (BMRs), batteries and
communications antennae will be added. The MHM will be a scaled-down
habitation module, yet, it will feature a functional pressurized volume providing
sufficient command, control & data handling capabilities, energy storage and
power distribution, thermal control, communications and tracking capabilities, two
axial and up to two radial docking ports, stowage volume, environmental control
and life support systems to augment the Orion spacecraft and support a crew of
four for at least 30 days.
 International Habitation Module
• The International Habitation Module is on the two habitation modules.
The International Habitation Module will be launched on Artemis 4 or
Artemis 5 and together will provide a minimum of 125 m3 (4,400 cu ft) of
habitable volume to the station. This would only be used by the astronauts
other than of NASA and ESA, it may launch its own habitation module.
 Gateway Logistics Modules
• The Gateway Logistics Modules will be used to refuel, resupply and
provide logistics on board the space station. The first logistics module sent
to LOP-G will also arrive with a robotic arm, which will be built by
the Canadian Space Agency.
 Gateway Airlock Module
• The Gateway Airlock Module will be used for performing extravehicular
activities outside the space station and would have the docking port for the
proposed Deep Space Transport.
 Mars 2030 mission
• NASA also continues to work with companies to address the challenges
of living in space, such as using existing resources, options for disposing of trash,
and more. Missions to the Moon are about 1,000 times farther from Earth than
missions to the International Space Station, requiring systems that can reliably
operate far from home, support the needs of human life, and still be light enough
to launch. These technologies will become increasingly more important for the 34
million mile trip to Mars.
• Exploration of the Moon and Mars is intertwined. The Moon provides an
opportunity to test new tools, instruments and equipment that could be used on
Mars, including human habitats, life support systems, and technologies and
practices that could help us build self-sustaining outposts away from Earth.
Living on the Gateway for months at a time will also allow researchers to
understand how the human body responds in a true deep space environment
before committing to the years-long journey to Mars.