Lớp Tiếng Anh thầy Tiểu Đạt

THÌ CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ

(Tenses)
Biên soạn và trực tiếp giảng dạy:
Thầy Lưu Tiến Đạt
I. THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN
1. Cấu trúc (Forms)
a) Thể khẳng định (Affirmative form)
I/You/We/They + V
He/She/It + V(s/es)
Ex: I play tennis every Wednesday.
Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.
She goes to school by bus.
b) Thể phủ định (Negative form)
I/You/We/They + do not (don’t) + V
He/She/It + does not (doesn’t) + V
Ex: We don’t live far away.
She doesn’t work at night.

c) Thể nghi vấn (Interrogative form)

Do + I/you/we/they + V?
Does + he/she/it + V?
Ex: Do you live here?
Does she listen to music?
 Chú ý: Động từ “be” được chia dựa vào ngôi của đại từ:
- Thể khẳng định:
I + am (’m)
You/We/They + are (’re)
He/She/It + is (’s)
- Thể phủ định:
I + am not
You/We/They + are not (aren’t)
He/She/It + is not (isn’t)
- Thể nghi vấn:
Am + I?
Are + you/we/they?
Is + he/she/it?
2. Cách dùng (Uses)
a) Diễn tả hành động lặp đi lặp lại theo thói quen, phong
tục và khả năng
Ex: I get up early every morning.
He often goes to the church on Sundays.

b) Diễn tả một chân lý hoặc một sự thật đúng một cách hiển
nhiên
Ex: The sun rises in the East and sets in the West.
Rice doesn’t grow in cold climates.
Water boils at 100 degrees centigrade.
c) Diễn tả nhận thức, cảm giác hoặc tình trạng xảy ra tại
thời điểm nói
Ex: Sometimes I don’t understand James.
She looks tired.
Một số động từ biểu hiện trạng thái:
- Tình cảm: love, need, want, …
- Truyền đạt: agree, disagree, accept, deny, advise,
suggest, recommend, promise, apologize, …
- Ý thức: know, understand, believe, remember, forget,
think, …
- Nhận thức: appear, seem, hear, look, see, smell,
sound, taste, feel
- Tồn tại: be, …
- Sở hữu: have, own, belong to, …
d) Diễn tả hành động hoặc sự việc xảy ra theo thời gian
biểu
Ex: The plane leaves Singapore at 11.30 and arrives in
Bangkok at 13.00.
What time does the film begin?
The entrance exam starts next week.
Cách dùng này thường áp dụng với các lịch trình hoặc
kế hoạch cố định (giờ tàu chạy, giờ máy bay cất cánh,
giờ chiếu phim, thời điểm bắt đầu hoặc kết thúc một
chương trình học, …)
1. Water _____ of hydrogen and oxygen.
A. is consisting B. consists
C. has consisted D. will consist
2. The Sun _____ us heat and light.
A. will give B. is giving
C. gives D. has given
3. We _____ students, so we _____ to school on weekdays.
A. are/go often B. are/often going
C. are/have often gone D. are/often go
4. There’s something in the fridge that _____ mouldy.
A. is smelling B. smells
C. will smell D. has smelled
5. Every day, Peter _____ at 7 o’clock, _____ breakfast, and
then _____ to work at 7.30.
A. has often got/will have/go
B. often gets up/has/goes
C. is often getting/having/goes
D. has often got up/had/went
6. Alex’s plane ______ at 10:15 tomorrow morning, but I
can’t pick him up.
A. will arrive B. is arriving
C. will be arriving D. arrives
II. THÌ HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN
1. Cấu trúc (Forms)
a) Thể khẳng định (Affirmative form)
I + am + V–ing
You/We/They + are + V–ing
He/She/It + is + V–ing
Ex: I am reading an interesting book.
They are working.
Look! That man is taking a photo of you.
b) Thể phủ định (Negative form)
I + am not + V–ing
You/We/They + are not (aren’t) + V–ing
He/She/It + is not (isn’t) + V–ing
Ex: The children aren’t playing in the yard at the
moment.
It isn’t raining any more.

c) Thể nghi vấn (Interrogative form)

Am + I + V–ing?
Are + you/we/they + V–ing?
Is + he/she/it + V–ing?
Ex: Are they learning English now?
Is he driving to work?
2. Cách dùng (Uses)
a) Diễn tả hành động đang thực sự diễn ra tại thời điểm nói
Ex: They are playing football at the moment.
Is it raining now?
Listen! The baby is crying.
b) Diễn tả hành động nói chung đang diễn ra nhưng không
nhất thiết phải đang thực sự diễn ra tại thời điểm nói
Ex: The population of the world is rising very fast.
He is training to be a shop manager.
Susan is writing another book this year.
c) Diễn tả hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai gần (diễn tả
một sự sắp xếp trong tương lai đã được dự định trước)
Ex: He is coming tomorrow.
We are going to India next year.
d) Diễn tả hành động có tính chất tạm thời
Ex: I often go to school by bike, but this weekend my
bike breaks down so I am walking to school.

e) Diễn tả hành động thường xuyên lặp đi lặp lại gây sự

bực mình hay khó chịu cho người nói
Ex: He is always losing his keys.
I’m always making silly mistakes.
She’s always complaining that her bicycle is
old.
1. _____ on the computer now?
A. Is Peter working B. Was Peter working
C. Has Peter worked D. Will Peter be working
2. Every day, John _____ rice and vegetables for lunch, but
today he _____ chicken soup and roast beef. Today is his
brother’s wedding.
A. has/is having B. has/has had
C. is having/has D. has had/has
3. Listen! Someone _____ at the door. I will answer it.
A. knocks B. has knocked
C. was knocking D. is knocking
4. – _____ free this afternoon? ~ No, I _____.
– What _____? ~ I _____ my dentist.
A. Will you be/will not/have you done/have seen
B. Have you been/have not/will you do/will see
C. Are you/am not/do you do/see
D. Are you/am not/are you doing/am seeing
5. He _____ his key.
A. is always lost B. has always lost
C. was always lost D. is always losing
III. THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN
1. Cấu trúc (Forms)
a) Thể khẳng định (Affirmative form)
I/You/We/They/He/She/It + V (past tense)
Ex: He died 10 years ago.
We went to school to meet our friends.
b) Thể phủ định (Negative form)
I/You/We/They/He/She/It + did not (didn’t) + V
Ex: I didn’t watch TV last night.
We didn’t have a house 2 years ago.

c) Thể nghi vấn (Interrogative form)

Did + I/you/we/they/he/she/it + V?
Ex: Did you meet her last night?
Did they leave the party at 11 o’clock?
 Chú ý: Động từ “be” được chia dựa vào ngôi của đại từ:
- Thể khẳng định:
You/We/They + were
I/He/She/It +was
- Thể phủ định:
You/We/They + were not (weren’t)
I/He/She/It + was not (wasn’t)
- Thể nghi vấn:
Were + you/we/they?
Was + I/he/she/it?
2. Cách dùng (Uses)
a) Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc tại một thời điểm
xác định trong quá khứ
Ex: I left this city 2 years ago.
Tom went to Paris last summer.
Pasteur died in 1895.

b) Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra suốt một quãng thời gian

trong quá khứ nhưng nay đã hoàn toàn chấm dứt
Ex: They worked in that company for two years – from
2003 to 2005.
c) Diễn tả hành động được lặp đi lặp lại hoặc xảy ra thường
xuyên trong quá khứ
Ex: He always carried an umbrella when he was alive.
When I was young, I often went fishing.

d) Diễn tả một loạt các hành động xảy ra kế tiếp nhau trong
quá khứ
Ex: When we saw the dog running across the road, we
stopped the car.
She drove into the car park, got out of the car,
closed all the windows, locked the doors, and walked
towards the cinema.
1. In the 19th century, it _____ two or three months to cross
North American by covered wagon. The trip _____ very
rough and often dangerous.
A. took/was B. had taken/had been
C. took/had been D. had taken/was
2. My grandfather _____ a very exciting life. When he was
young, he _____ on the farm in the country, where there
_____ a lot of cattle and meadows.
A. has/has lived/have been
B. had/lived/were
C. was having/had lived/had been
D. has had/is living/are
3. I _____ to visit you yesterday, but you _____ at home.
A. have come/are not
B. had come/were not
C. came/were not
D. was coming/have not been
4. When she saw the dog coming towards her, she quickly
_____ the road.
A. crossed B. were crosing
C. had crossed D. have crossed
IV. THÌ QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN
1. Cấu trúc (Forms)
a) Thể khẳng định (Affirmative form)
I/He/She/It + was + V–ing
You/We/They + were + V–ing
Ex: The children were playing football at that time.
She was reading the newspaper.
b) Thể phủ định (Negative form)
I/He/She/It + was not (wasn’t) + V–ing
You/We/They + were not (weren’t) + V–ing
Ex: I waved to her but she wasn’t looking.
They weren’t learning English at 10 hours.

c) Thể nghi vấn (Interrogative form)

Was + I/he/she/it + V–ing?
Were + you/we/they + V–ing?
Ex: Were you listening to music when I came?
Was she cleaning the flat when the phone rang?
2. Cách dùng (Uses)
a) Diễn tả hành động đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm xác định
trong quá khứ
Ex: He was writing a letter at 11 o’clock last night.
We were playing football at 5 o’clock yesterday.

b) Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và kéo dài liên tục trong một
quãng thời gian ở quá khứ
Ex: Yesterday, Mr. Smith was working in the laboratory all
the afternoon.
I was driving all day yesterday.
What were you doing from 3 p.m. to 6 p.m.
yesterday?
c) Diễn tả hành động đang diễn ra vào một thời điểm trong
quá khứ thì có một hành động quá khứ khác xảy đến
(dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn cho hành động xảy ra trong
thời gian dài, dùng thì quá khứ đơn cho hành động xảy ra
trong thời gian ngắn)
Ex: When I came yesterday, he was sleeping.
While I was working in the garden, I hurt my back.

d) Diễn tả hai hay nhiều hành động diễn ra đồng thời trong
quá khứ
Ex: Yesterday, I was cooking while my sister was
washing the dishes.
I was reading book in the bed while he was
painting the ceiling.
1. At this time last week, she _____ to the beach.
A. went B. was going
C. had gone D. goes
2. He _____ on his English study all yesterday evening.
A. used to work B. had worked
C. was working D. working
3. I _____ in the park when I suddenly fell over.
A. was walking B. walked
C. had walked D. is going to walk
4. While the doctor _____ Mr. Jones, his son _____ outside
this morning.
A. was examining/was waiting
B. will be examining/are waiting
C. had been examining/was waiting
D. are examining/are waiting
 Chú ý: Một số cách diễn đạt quá khứ khác
1. used to + V: diễn tả một thói quen hoặc một tình trạng
trong quá khứ nhưng nay không còn nữa
Ex: She used to love cats but she doesn’t like them any
more.

1. Michael _____ water sports when he was younger.

A. is used to playing B. used to playing
C. is used to play D. used to play
2. When Peter was a child, there _____ a cinema near his
house.
A. used to be B. used to have
C. used to be being D. used to have been
V. THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH
1. Cấu trúc (Forms)
a) Thể khẳng định (Affirmative form)
I/You/We/They + have (’ve) + P.P
He/She/It + has (’s) + P.P
Ex: I have broken my leg.
He has gone to Canada.
b) Thể phủ định (Negative form)
I/You/We/They + have not (haven’t) + P.P
He/She/It + has not (hasn’t) + P.P
Ex: John has finished his report yet.
They haven’t eaten caviar.
c) Thể nghi vấn (Interrogative form)
Have + I/you/we/they + P.P?
Has + he/she/it + P.P?
Ex: Have you seen Jane recently?
Has he ever smoked?
2. Cách dùng (Uses)
a) Diễn tả hành động vừa mới xảy ra
Ex: I have just seen my old friend in the street.

b) Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra nhiều lần trong quá khứ và

hành động này còn có thể được lặp lại trong hiện tại và
tương lai
Ex: Susan really loves that film. She has seen it 8 times!
Peter is very absent-minded: he has lost her cell phone
three times!

c) Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng kết quả
của nó vẫn còn trong hiện tại
Ex: Tom has had a bad car crash. He’s in hospital.
Have you washed the car? It’s very clean.
Where’s your keys? ~ I don’t know. I’ve lost it.
d) Diễn tả hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ, kéo dài đến
hiện tại và có khả năng tiếp tục ở tương lai
Ex: Mary has lived in the town for 10 years.
This young director has made 4 films so far.

e) Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra rồi hoặc chưa từng xảy ra từ

trước tới nay
Ex: We’ve seen that film already.
He hasn’t played tennis yet.
Have you eaten there yet?
I’ve never met such a beautiful girl.
1. What _____ since 8 am up to now?
A. you have been doing B. have you been doing
C. have been you doing D. have been doing you
2. The secretary _____ on the report for more than three
hours. She hopes she may finish it by the lunch time.
A. is working B. will be working
C. has been working D. had been working
3. The team ______ a single match so far this season.
A. doesn’t win B. didn’t win
C. hasn’t won D. hadn’t won
4. My children _____ interested in kangaroos lately.
A. become B. have become
C. will become D. were becoming
5. She is very absent-minded: she _____ her cell phone three
times!
A. has lost B. loses
C. was losing D. had lost
6. It is blowing so hard. We _____ such a terrible storm.
A. have never known B. have never been knowing
C. never know D. had never known
7. Women _____ in presidential elections since 1921.
A. vote B. have voted
C. had voted D. are voting
8. Your eyes are red – _____?
A. did you cry B. had you been crying
C. have you cried D. do you cry
VI. THÌ QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH
1. Cấu trúc (Forms)
a) Thể khẳng định (Affirmative form)
S + had (’d) + P.P
Ex: I had left my wallet at home.
His family had moved there 2 years before.
b) Thể phủ định (Negative form)
S + had not (hadn’t) + P.P
Ex: The house was dirty. They hadn’t cleaned it for weeks.
She was worried because she hadn’t prepared the
lesson well.
c) Thể nghi vấn (Interrogative form)
Had + S + P.P?
Ex: Had he met her before?
2. Cách dùng (Uses)
a) Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và đã kết thúc trước một thời
điểm trong quá khứ
Ex: We’d lived in Tokyo before 1975.
I’d turned off my TV set by 9 o’clock last night.

b) Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và đã kết thúc trước một

hành động khác trong quá khứ (dùng thì quá khứ hoàn
thành cho hành động xảy ra trước, dùng thì quá khứ đơn
cho hành động xảy ra sau)
Ex: When I got up this morning, my father had already
left.
After the children had finished their homework, they
went to bed.
c) Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và kéo dài đến một thời điểm
trong quá khứ
Ex: When the first child was born, they had been
married for three years.
By 2010, my father had worked for this company for
25 years.

1. Her family _____ to America before 1975.

A. went B. have gone
C. had gone D. would go
2. The secretary _____ the report by 10:00 yesterday.
A. hadn't finished B. hasn't finished
C. didn't finish D. would finish
VII. THÌ TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN
1. Cấu trúc (Forms)
a) Thể khẳng định (Affirmative form)
S + will (’ll) + V
Ex: I’ll be on holiday in August.

b) Thể phủ định (Negative form)

S + will not (won’t) + V
Ex: We won’t have time for a meal.

c) Thể nghi vấn (Interrogative form)

Will + S + V?
Ex: Will you be at home this evening?
2. Cách dùng (Uses)
a) Diễn tả hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai hoặc sẽ xảy ra
trong một quãng thời gian dài ở tương lai
Ex: The international conference will open next week.
I will be at high school next year.
b) Diễn tả ý kiến, sự chắc chắn, sự dự đoán của người nói về
một điều gì đó trong tương lai
Ex: I sure he’ll come back soon.
Tom won’t pass the examination. He hasn’t worked
hard enough for it.
I don’t think the exam will be difficult.
c) Diễn tả một quyết định được đưa ra vào thời điểm nói
Ex: There’s a postbox over there. I’ll post these letters.
You still haven’t put those shelves up, Trevor ~ OK, I’ll
do it tomorrow.
VIII.THÌ TƯƠNG LAI GẦN
1. Cấu trúc (Forms)
a) Thể khẳng định (Affirmative form)
I + am (’m) + going to + V
You/We/They + are (’re) + going to + V
He/She/It + is (’s) + going to + V
Ex: We’re going to accept your proposal.
He’s going to get married.
b) Thể phủ định (Negative form)
I + am not + going to + V
You/We/They + are not (aren’t) + going to + V
He/She/It + is not (isn’t) + going to + V
Ex: They aren’t going to drink champagne.
I’m not going to buy a new car.

c) Thể nghi vấn (Interrogative form)

Am + I + going to + V?
Are + you/we/they + going to + V?
Is + he/she/it + going to + V?
Ex: Is he going to work for his wife’s mother?
Is he going to take his girl friend to an expensive
restaurant?
2. Cách dùng (Uses)
a) Diễn tả một dự định sẽ được thực hiện trong tương lai gần
hoặc một quyết định sẵn có
Ex: We’re going to see her off at the station at seven.
Mrs. Brown says she’s going to buy a new car next
year.

b) Diễn tả sự dự đoán tương lai dựa trên tình huống hiện tại
Ex: How pale that girl is! I’m sure she’s going to faint.
Look out! We’re going to crash.
Charles is going to have an accident if he drives like
that.
 Chú ý:
- Thì tương lai đơn và thì tương lai gần đều được dùng để diễn
tả hành động hoặc quyết định trong tương lai nhưng:
+ Thì tương lai đơn được dùng khi chúng ta quyết định sẽ làm
việc gì đó ngay tại thời điểm nói (ý định không được dự tính
trước).
Ex: There’s a postbox over there. I’ll post these letters.
+ Thì tương lai gần được dùng khi chúng ta đã quyết định
hoặc dự định sẽ làm một việc gì đó (ý định đã được dự tính
từ trước.
Ex: I’m going out. I’m going to post these letters.
- Thì tương lai đơn và thì tương lai gần đều được dùng để dự
đoán nhưng:
+ Thì tương lai đơn được dùng khi chúng ta đưa ra lời dự đoán
dựa vào quan điểm hoặc kinh nghiệm.
Ex: One day people will travel to Mars.
+ Thì tương lai gần được dùng khi chúng ta đưa ra lời dự đoán
dựa vào tình huống hiện tại.
Ex: There’s isn’t a cloud in the sky. It’s going to be a lovely
day.
1. In the next few years, thousands of speed cameras _____
on major roads.
A. are appeared B. will appear
C. are appearing D. are going to appear
2. – How much is this book?
– $10.
– OK. I _____ it.
A. will take B. take C. have taken D. took
3. They _____ to finish their work because they _____ Los
Angeles next Sunday.
A. are needing/visit B. need/are going to visit
C. have need/are visiting D. need/have visited
4. Look that those black clouds! It _____.
A. is going to rain B. will rain
C. would rain D. can rain
IX. THÌ TƯƠNG LAI TIẾP DIỄN
1. Cấu trúc (Forms)
a) Thể khẳng định (Affỉmative form)
S + will (’ll) + be + V–ing
Ex: He’ll be working in his office at 8 o’clock tomorrow.

b) Thể phủ định (Negative form)

S + will not (won’t) + be + V–ing
Ex: She won’t be cooking this time tomorrow.

c) Thể nghi vấn (Interrogative form)

Will S+ be + V–ing?
Ex: Will you be playing football this time tomorrow?
2. Cách dùng (Uses)
a) Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm hoặc một
khoảng thời gian cụ thể nào đó trong tương lai
Ex: This time next week I’ll be lying on the beach.
At 10 o’clock tomorrow, Sally will be in her office. She
will be working.

b) Diễn tả hành động tương lai đang xảy đến thì một hành
động khác xảy đến (dùng thì tương lai tiếp diễn cho hành
động xảy ra trong thời gian dài, dùng thì hiện tại đơn cho
hành động xảy ra trong thời gian ngắn)
Ex: The band will be playing when the President enters.
When Tom gets home, I’ll be sleeping.
c) Diễn tả hành động sẽ xảy ra và kéo dài liên tục trong một
quãng thời gian ở tương lai
Ex: My parents are going to London so I’ll be staying with
my grandma for the next 2 weeks.
I will be staying with my aunt when I am on holiday in
Ho Chi Minh City next month.

1. He _____ his boss at this time tomorrow.

A. is meeting B. has meet
C. was meeting D. will be meeting
2. I won’t be able to meet you next week. I _____ in London
for a few days.
A. will stay B. will be staying
C. will have stayed D. am staying
X. THÌ TƯƠNG LAI HOÀN THÀNH
1. Cấu trúc (Forms)
a) Thể khẳng định (Affirmative form)
S + will (’ll) + have + P.P
Ex: Each competitor will have driven about 3,000
kilometers by Thursday night.

b) Thể phủ định (Negative form)

S + will not (won’t) + have + P.P
Ex: We won’t have travelled to Mars by the year 2020.

c) Thể nghi vấn (Interrogative form)

Will S + have + P.P?
Ex: Will she have worked here for 10 years by the end of
June?
2. Cách dùng (Uses)
a) Diễn tả hành động sẽ được hoàn tất trước một thời điểm
trong tương lai
Ex: They will have built that house by July next year.
We will have paid the loan by August.

b) Diễn tả hành động sẽ được hoàn tất trước một hành động
khác trong tương lai (dùng thì tương lai hoàn thành cho
hành động xảy ra trước, dùng thì hiện tại đơn cho hành
động xảy ra sau)
Ex: When you come back, she will have finished the
college.
You will have spoken English well when you are my
age.
c) Diễn tả hành động sẽ xảy ra và kéo dài đến một thời điểm
trong tương lai
Ex: By the end of this month, they will have lived here for
4 years.
She will have learnt English for 6 months when the
course finishes this week.

1. By the end of next year, George _____ English for 2 years.

A. will have learned B. will learn
C. has leaned D. would learn
2. By this time next summer, you _____ your studies.
A. will be completing B. had completed
C. have completed D. will have completed
XI. THÌ TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN TRONG QUÁ KHỨ
1. Cấu trúc (Forms)
a) Thể khẳng định (Affirmative form)
S + would (’d) + V
Ex: They hoped that they would come on time.

b) Thể phủ định (Negative form)

S + would not (wouldn’t) + V
Ex: She said she wouldn’t buy a car.

c) Thể nghi vấn (Interrogative form)

Would + S + V?
Ex: Would he buy a car?
2. Cách dùng (Uses)
a) Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra ở một thời điểm tương lai so
với một thời điểm nào đó trong quá khứ
Ex: She hoped that he would come to the party.
Whenever he had an important decision to make, he
would light a cigar to calm his nerves.

1. She said that she _____ married soon.

A. got B. had got
C. would get D. was going to get
XII.THÌ TƯƠNG LAI GẦN TRONG QUÁ KHỨ
1. Cấu trúc (Forms)
a) Thể khẳng định (Affirmative form)
I/He/She/It + was + going to + V
You/We/They + were + going to + V
Ex: She was going to get married.
b) Thể phủ định (Negative form)
I/He/She/It + was not (wasn’t) + going to + V
You/We/They + were not (weren’t) + going to + V
Ex: They weren’t going to play tennis yesterday.
c) Thể nghi vấn (Interrogative form)
Was + I/he/she/it + going to + V?
Were + you/we/they + going to + V?
Ex: Was he going to stay in the hotel last night?
2. Cách dùng (Uses)
a) Diễn tả một dự định trong quá khứ nhưng không thành
(không xảy ra)
Ex: They were going to get married, but in the end they
changed their minds.
I was going to stay at home last night, but I decided
to go out instead.

1. I _____ work last week, but I changed my mind.

A. have started B. was going to start
C. had started D. would start