BENI SETYA NUGRAHA, M.Pd.

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Topik Minggu Lalu
 Proses Pembakaran (Normal, Knocking, Detonasi)
 Engine Operating Cycle
 Siklus 2 & 4 Tak (Pendahuluan)

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 Siklus Kerja Motor Bensin 4 Tak
(Four stroke Spark Ignition (SI) Engine)

Stroke 1: Fuel-air mixture introduced into cylinder through intake

valve
Stroke 2: Fuel-air mixture compressed
Stroke 3: Combustion (roughly constant volume) occurs and
product gases expand doing work
Stroke 4: Product gases pushed out of the cylinder through the
FUEL
exhaust valve
A
I Ignition
R

Fuel/Air
Mixture Combustion
Products

Intake Compression Power Exhaust

Stroke Stroke Stroke Stroke

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Animasi Motor 4 Tak

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Diagram PV (Pressure-Volume Graph) 4-stroke SI engine

One power stroke for every two crank shaft revolutions

Pressure Spark

Exhaust valve
Exhaust opens
valve
closes

1 atm Intake valve

closes
Intake
valve
opens

TC BC

Cylinder volume
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 Motored Four-Stroke Engine
Pressure (bar)
100

10

BC

TC

Intake Exhaust

IVO - intake valve opens, IVC – intake valve closes

EVO – exhaust valve opens, EVC – exhaust valve opens
Xb – burned gas mole fraction

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 Four-Stroke SI Engine
Pressure (bar)
OVERLAPPING 100

Valve overlap 10
Exhaust gas
residual

Intake Exhaust

IVO - intake valve opens, IVC – intake valve closes

EVO – exhaust valve opens, EVC – exhaust valve opens
Xb – burned gas mole fraction

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 Siklus Kerja Motor Bensin 2 Tak
(Modern Two-Stroke Spark Ignition Engine)

Stroke 1: Fuel-air mixture is introduced into the cylinder and

is then compressed, combustion initiated at the end of
the stroke

Stroke 2: Combustion products expand doing work and then

exhausted

* Power delivered to the crankshaft on every revolution

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 Two Stroke Spark Ignition Engine

Exhaust
Port*
Transfer
Port*
Fuel-air-oil
mixture

Reed
valve
Expansion Exhaust Intake (“Scavenging”)
Crank
shaft

*No valves and

thus no camshaft

Fuel-air-oil
mixture
Compression Ignition
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Animasi Motor 2 Tak

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 Two-Stroke CI Engine

EPO – exhaust port open

EPC – exhaust port closed
IPO – intake port open
Cylinder Press (P)
IPC – intake port closed
scavenging
110 CA

Exhaust area (Ae) Ae

Intake area (Ai) Ai

Intake Press (Pi) Pi

Pe

Exhaust Press (Pe)

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 Pembilasan pada Motor 2 Tak
(Scavenging in Two-Stroke Engine)

Cross Loop Uniflow

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Kelebihan Motor 2 Tak:

Power to weight ratio (PWR) lebih besar dibandingkan motor 4 tak

karena menghasilkan tenaga setiap putaran poros engkol.

Konstruksi sederhana, hanya ada saluran (ports) - tidak perlu

mekanisme katup yang rumit

Perawatan lebih mudah

Banyak diaplikasikan pada motor kecil : sepeda motor, motor tempel,

kompressor, pemotong rumput, gergaji mesin (chain saw), .............

Kekurangan Motor 2 Tak:

Pembilasan kurang sempurna (tidak selesai/terlalu bersih)  Emisi

tinggi, bahan bakar tidak ekonomis

Proses pembakaran tidak bersih karena membakar oli  Emisi tinggi

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 Single Cylinder Engine

Motor 2 Tak menghasilkan Power (Langkah Usaha) setiap 1 putaran

poros engkol (360 CA).

Motor 4 Tak menghasilkan Power (Langkah Usaha) setiap 2 putaran

poros engkol (720 CA).

2-stroke

4-stroke

0 CA 180 CA 360 CA 540 CA 720 CA

(TDC) (BDC) (TDC) (BDC) (TDC)

Interval torsi yang dihasilkan motor cukup jauh, menyebabkan getaran

pada mesin.

Dimensi mesin sangat kompak sehingga motor 1 silinder umumnya

diaplikasikan pada kendaraan kecil.
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 Multi-cylinder Engines

Multi-cylinder engines digunakan untuk mendistribusikan volume silinder

motor pada beberapa silinder.

Keuntungannya memperpendek interval torsi yang dihasilkan motor,

sehingga mengurangi getaran dan menghasilkan karakter torsi yang
dihasilkan lebih rata/halus.

Konfigurasi yang umum digunakan:

a. Inline b. V c. Boxer

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DIAGRAM PROSES KERJA
Menghitung:
 Panjang Proses (=Langkah): Jumlah Derajat Putaran 1 Siklus
Jml Proses (=Langkah)
 Jarak Proses (=Langkah): Jumlah Derajat Putaran 1 Siklus
Jml Silinder Motor
Contoh:
 Motor 4 Tak 4 Silinder
 FO (Firing Order): 1-3-4-2

Gambarlah:
 Diagram Engkol
 Diagram Proses Kerja

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DIAGRAM PROSES KERJA
 Panjang Proses (=Langkah) = 2 x 360 CA
4
= 720 CA
4
= 180 CA

 Jarak Proses (=Langkah) = 2 x 360 CA

4
= 720 CA
4
= 180 CA

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DIAGRAM PROSES KERJA
 FO: 1-3-4-2
 Diagram Engkol:
Cyl: 1 , 4
CA: 0 , 720
(TDC)

Cyl: 2 , 3
CA: 180 , 540
(BDC)

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DIAGRAM PROSES KERJA
CYL/CA 0 180 360 540 720

1 1 INTAKE COMPRESSION POWER EXHAUST

2 COMPRESSION POWER EXHAUST INTAKE 4

3 EXHAUST 2 INTAKE COMPRESSION POWER

4 POWER EXHAUST INTAKE COMPRESSION

3

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TUGAS
Gambarlah Diagram Engkol & Diagram Proses Kerja
 Motor 4 Tak 6 Silinder, FO: 1-5-3-6-2-4
 Motor 4 Tak 6 Silinder, FO: 1-3-5-6-4-2

 Lengkap dengan perhitungannya!

 Kumpulkan pada TM y.a.d!

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Minggu depan belajar durasi katup
& panjang langkah efektif
See U Next Week,

Wassalaam...

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