MARK WEISER:

The father of ubiquitous computing

• has called UC “…highest idea is to make a computer so

embedded, so fitting, so natural, that we use it without
even thinking about it..”
 Waves of Computing
● Mainframe computing era (One Computer, many People)
• Massive computers to execute big data processing applications
• very few computers in the world
● Desktop computing era (One Computer, One Person)
• one computer at every desk to help in business related activities
• computers connected in intranets to a massive global network (internet), all wired
● Ubiquitous computing era (Many Computers, One Person)
• tens/hundreds of computing devices in every room/person, becoming “invisible”
and part of the environment
PERVASIVE COMPUTING:

An environment in which people interact with embedded (and mostly

invisible) computers (processors) and in which networked devices are
aware of their surroundings and peers .
WEARABLE COMPUTING:

Wearable technology
AMBIENT INTELLIGENCE

Ambient Intelligence refers to electronic environments

that are sensitive and responsive to the presence of
people.
GENERAL FEATURES OF UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING

• There are three general features that are shared across a

wide variety of Ubiquitous Computing applications.
• Transparent interfaces
• Context Awareness
• capture of live experiences
TRANSPARENT INTERFACES

• hide their presence from user

• Provide interaction between user and application
• Remove the physical barrier between user and computational device
Examples:
Gesture recognition , speech recognition , free form pen interaction
computational perception etc.
CONTEXT AWARENESS

• information about the environment in which the application

operates and reacts accordingly.
• LOCATION
• TIME
• Profile
• Activity
CONTEXT AWARE APPLICATION:
• is one which can capture the context
• assign meaning to it
• change behavior accordingly.
Example
• Active Badge & PARCTab
• Shopping assistant
• Cyberguide
• Augmented Reality
AUTOMATED CAPTURE :

• Capture everyday experiences and make the records available for

later use.

Use
• Multiple streams of information
• Their time synchronization
• Their correlation and integration.
ONTOLOGY:

Ontology can be used to study the existence of entities within a

specific domain and sometimes can be used to identify the domain
itself.
Formal way to describe taxonomy.
Represent Information on the internet.
An ontology consists of:
• Classes (the concepts of the domain)
• Properties (relations between the concepts)
• Instances (concrete examples of concepts)
• Axioms (restrictions about elements of the ontology)
2Ontologies (Languages)
• Ontologies can be edited using markup languages based on XML.
•2
REFERENCES

https://www.slideshare.net/govindraj15/ubiquitous-computing-by-
govind-raj?qid=725229e7-9cb7-4c39-9e77-
4f9c63937f20&v=&b=&from_search=5