VERTEBRATES

VERTEBRATES

Characteristics of Vertebrates
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 The main characteristics are:

 Internal skeleton with spine.
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They have three parts or regions: head, torso

and tail.
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The torso has four extremities which can be paws,

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wings and fins.

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Their nervous system has an encephalon (brain) and a
spinal cord. The encephalon is placed inside the skull and
the spinal cord is placed inside the spine.
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Sense organs are placed inside the head
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Some characteristics of fish are:
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 Their skin has scales.
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Their extremities are fins

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 Fish have gills
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Some characteristics of Amphibians are:

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 Their skin is always moist

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They have four extremities

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 They breathe using gills, lungs and skin.

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Some characteristics of Reptiles are:

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 Their skin is dry and strong, it has scales.
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They have four legs, which they use to run,

climb and swim. Snakes don't have legs so they
slither to move around.
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Reptiles are cold-blooded

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They lay eggs

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Some of them have glands that produce venom to kill

their prey.
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 Characteristics of Birds :
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Birds don't have teeth, they have a beak

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 Their front legs become wings.

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Their bodies are feathered

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They are hot-blooded (endothermic).

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They breathe with lungs

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They lay eggs with shells

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 Characteristics of Mammals :
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They are warm blooded (endothermic): they can

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maintain a constant body temperature.

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They have hair

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They have sudoriferous (sweat) glands

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They have mammary (milk-secreting) glands.

They produce milk to feed their young.
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They have different types of teeth

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They give birth to live young and provide

protection and care for them before and after
birth.