THE CUSTOMS OF THE

TAGALOGS
Section 1: Los Costumbres by
Plasencia (1589)
Section 2:Boxer Codex (1590)
Los Costumbres de Tagalog
By: Juan de Plasencia
October 21, 1589
FRAY JOAN DE PUERTO CARRERO
MAJOR TOPICS

Social Stratification
Religious Practices
 "These chiefs (Datu) ruled over but few people; sometimes
as many as a hundred houses, sometimes even less than
thirty. This tribal gathering is called in Tagalo a barangay... it
is ascertained that this barangay in its origin was a family of
parents and children, relations and slaves. “ –Juan de
Plasencia
 "In addition to the chiefs, who corresponded to our knights,
there were three castes: nobles, commoners, and slaves.
The nobles were the free-born whom they call maharlica...
The commoners are called aliping namamahay... The slaves
are called aliping sa guiguilir.“ –Juan de Plasencia
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
ACCORDING TO PLASENCIA

Maharlica
Aliping Namamahay
Aliping Saguiguilir
MAHARLIKA
“Free born”
ALIPING NAMAMAHAY
“The commoners”
ALIPING SA GUIGUILIR
Aliping Saguiguilid
“The Slaves”
 "Lumulitaw kung gayon,na binubuo ng apat na uri
ang sinaunang lipunang Tagalog: ang hanay ng mga
datu, ang uring maguinoo, ang namumunong uri;
ang maharlika/timawa, malalayang uri na may
pribilehiyo at independyente sa datu; ang aliping
namamahay, ordinaryong mamamayan subalit may
takdang katungkulan sa ispesipikong amo; at, ang
huli, ang mga alipin sa guiguilir, mga ganap na alipin
sa lipunan."
- Efren B. Isorena, Baranggay: Bangka at Lipunan
RELIGIOUS
RELIGIOUS PRACTICES
PRACTICES
PANDOT
Sibi
Sorihile
NAGAANITOS
BADHALA
“All powerful”
 RELIGIOUS PRACTICES

Animism Osuang
Mangagauay Mangagayoma
Hacloban Pangatahojan
Silagan Vibit
Magtatangal Tigbalaang
Lic-ha
BOXER CODEX
THANK YOU!

Dr. Chester Alexis C. Buama

Julia Divina Dolor

BSND-1A