SOX AND NOX

ENGINE EMISSION AND THEIR EFFECTS

 NOX DAMAGS OUR ENVIRONMENTS AND CAUSES PROBLEMS
 NO AND NO2 ARE TOXIC GASES
 NOX CONTRIBUTES TO SMOG, ACID RAINS AND GLOBAL
WARMINGS
 IMO REGULATIONS TIER 1, TIER 2, TIER 3
 NOX- NO AND NO2, N2-80% IN AIR.
1. PRETREATMENT
2. PRIMARY METHODS
3. SECONDRY METHODS
1. PRETREATMENT
WATER ADDITION TO FUEL AND HOMOGENIZATION
2. PRIMARY METHODS

1. MODIFICATION OF AIR INTAKE

2. WATER INJECTION
3. EXHAUST GAS RE-CIRCULATION
MODIFICATION OF COMBUTION INCLUDES

1. INJECTION TIMING RETARDATION

2.OPTIMISATION OF INJECTION SWIRL
3. FUEL INJECTOR MODIFICATION
4. MODIFICATION OF SHAPE OF
COMBUTION CHAMBER
5. ELECTRONICALLY CONTROLLED FUEL SYSTEM
6. INCREASE IN INJECTION PRESSURE
7. WATER BASED TECHNIQUES – FUEL VALVE – WATER
NEEDLE.
8. MODIFICATION OF COMPRESSION RATIO
9. CHANGE IN NUMBER OF INJECTORS
10. PRECHAMBER TYPE OF COMBUTION
11. CHARGE AIR HUMIDIFICATION – HAM
12. EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION - EGR
13. SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION - SCR
 INJECTION TIME RETARDING OR DELAYED THE INJECTION
FUEL- REDUCTION UPTO 30% NOX AND INCREASE OF 5%
S.F.O.C

 FUEL INJECTOR MODIFICATION- NORMAL, MINI SACK AND

SLIDE VALVE TYPE – REDUCTION OF NOX UPTO 40%

 CHANGE IN NUMBER OF INJECTORS, NOX REDUCTION BY

30%
 ELECRONICALLY CONTROLED FUEL SYSTEM

 DIRECT WATER INJECTION SYSTEM

 SCAVENGE CHARGE AIR COOLER – AIR TEMPERATURE 25 DEG

CENT. NOX REDUCTION 14 %

 WATER INJECT – THROUGH FUEL VALVE – NOX REDUCTION 40 %

 EXHAUUST GAS RE-CIRCULATION (EGR) -

1. HIGH PRESSURE EGR 2. LOW PRESSURE EGR
NOX REDUCTION 40 %

 HUMID AIR MOTOR TECHNOLOGY (HAM) – NOX REDUCTION UPTO

65%

 SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION (SCR) – NOX REDUCTION 90-98

%
NITROGEN OXIDE (NOX)

CARCINOGENIC AND CONTRIBUTE TO PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG OVER CITIES

AND ACID RAINS (EXCESS ACIDIFICATION OF THE SOIL.
 S – IN FUEL – S02 AND S03
 MIXED WITH WATER TO FORM ACIDS –
CCAUSES ACID RAINS SPOILS BUILDINS ETC.
SOX REDUCTION

 LOW SULPHURE OIL

 CYLINDER LUBRICATION – PULSE OR ALPHA LUBRICATION
NEUTRALIZE ITS SULPHUR IN FUEL AND REDUCE SOX
EMISSIONS
 SOX SRUBBERS TECNOLOGY – EXHAUST GAS SCRUBBER
TECHNOLOGY, SOX RREDUCTION 5 %
 ENGINE EXHAUST – 13% O2, 75.8% N2, 5.6 % CO2, 5.35% H20
EFFECT OF SULPHUR
1. UNPLEASENT ODOUR
2. IRRITATE THE MUCUS MEMBRANE.
3. MAJOR SOURSE OF ACID RAIN (REACT WITH
WATER TO FORM ACID RAIN ( DEPOSITION
TAKES, STREAM, REDUCING THEIR ALKALITY,
INCREASE SULPHAT LEVEL IN SOILS,
ALUMINIUM SULPHATE, GROUND WATER
ACIDIFICATION, CORROSION IN DRINKIN
WATER SUPPLY, FOREST SOIL CAN BECAME
CONTAMINATED, HISTORIC BUILDING AND
MONUMENTS DAMAGED.
PARTICULATE MATTER – SOOT PARTICLES

1 TON FUEL – 3 TON OF CARBONDIOXIDE

3% OF SULPHUR – 64KG OF SOX PER TON FUEL

BURNT.

1% OF SULPHUR – 21KG OF SOX PER TON FUEL

BURNT.
TO REDUCE – SOX – SULPHUR – CONTENTS IN FUEL
TO BE
REDUCED.
HYDROCARBONS (HC)

UNPLEASNT ODOUR, PARTIALLY CARCINOGENIC,

SMOKE FORMATIONS, IRRITATE THE MUCUS
MEMBRANE, HIGHLY TOXIC – POISONOUS.