Event Name:

The 6th Safety & Fire Protection Conference and Exhibition

under the theme "Compliance to Standards is a National Demand"
University of Dammam
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Presentation Title:

Caseof Study
College for
the Application of Fire Protection
Architecture
and Planning
Codes in General Hospital Building
Department of Building
“Hail General Hospital, SA”
Engineering

1437/1438 Done By:

2016/2017 Dr. Eid Salem Al-Dossary
Engr. Ghanem M. Banhidarah

November 2016
Contents
 Introduction
• History of Fires in Hospitals
• Building Engineering Brief
• Project Description
Introduction
Do not lose sight of the importance of safety in all areas of life and
increasingly important if the target sector is vital and important, and even
dangerous because of the many risk factors and vulnerabilities such as
laboratories and medical waste and various biological and evacuations and
emergencies that could occur and exposed to hospitals.

• Stages of Application Codes

for Emergency Exits

• Analysis and Design of

Emergency Exits

• Recommendations

• References

Fig.1 Systems Integration in Hospitals

Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _ 05-Nov-16 Source: buildingsolutions.honeywell 2

Contents
History of Fires in Hospitals
• Introduction Data on selected hospital fires in the Latin American and Caribbean region
and around the world during 21 century are presented in Table 1 below.
 History of Fires in Hospitals

• Building Engineering Brief Table 1: Selected Examples of Hospital Fires

Year Hospital Name Located In Fire reasons
• Project Description
• Start in highly congested mechanical floor
2003 Barros Luco Hospital Santiago, Chile
• Fire alarm did not pinpoint the fire
• Stages of Application Codes • From 5th floor (in ICU) due to electrical shortcut
San Jose,
Calderon Guardia • Fire escapes extended only to 3rd floor
for Emergency Exits 2005 Costa Rica
Hospital • Fire alarm did not signal
• The Facility had no evacuation plan

• Analysis and Design of 2009 Jude Hospital

Vieux Fort, St. • Starting in roof asbestos during cleaning process
Lucia • Unprotected well wooden structure
Emergency Exits
Georgetown, • In medical records departments
2010 Joseph Mercy hospital
Guyana • Very old wooden structure building
• Recommendations • High flammable medical equipment was illegally stored
• No rescuer of patients from hospital staff
2011 AMARI Hospital Kolkata, India
• Locked windows and doors
• References • 90 min’s late fire service

Ramensky, • Most windows and doors were locked and barred

2013 Psychiatric Hospital
Russia • Unprotected well wooden structure

Fukuoka, • Fire doors were open cause repaid spread of smoke

2013 Orthopedic Hospital
Japan • Late firefighters' response

Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _ 05-Nov-16 Source: Hospital Fire Prevention and Evacuation Guide, Washington, D.C. 2014 3
Contents
Local Case “Jizan” general hospital
• Introduction

 History of Fires in Hospitals

• Building Engineering Brief

• Project Description

• Stages of Application Codes

for Emergency Exits

• Analysis and Design of

Emergency Exits

• Recommendations
The fire started in the first floor (ICU) due to electrical
shortcut. According to the reports injury count has
• References reached 123.
The absence of the fire protection systems and the defects
in the design of the buildings with some closed fire exits
doors caused the difficulty of controlling the fire and
evacuating.
Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _ 05-Nov-16 Source: sudianews.com/news/24-12-2015 4
Contents What people do not know about
• Introduction Building Engineering ?
• History of Fires in Hospitals

 Building Engineering Brief

• Project Description

• Stages of Application Codes

for Emergency Exits

• Analysis and Design of

Emergency Exits
The specialty of building engineering department is linking between
• Recommendations
architecture, planning and building environment on one hand, and between
other engineering sciences involved in the construction process, structural,
• References mechanical, electrical engineering, and construction management on other
hand. they are to take advantage of these sciences to find optimized
architectural design according to sustainability criteria and other standards.

Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _ 05-Nov-16 5

Contents
• Introduction
• History of Fires in Hospitals
 Building Engineering Brief
• Project Description
• Stages of Application Codes
for Emergency Exits
• Analysis and Design of
Emergency Exits
• Recommendations
• References
Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _ 05-Nov-16
Project Design Phases
Fire protection Design Phases General
Aspects Considerations
•Site circulations analysis • Project type
•Firefighting cars parking • Project size and criteria
•Fire house locations Project
Selection • Site selection
•Dry Hydrant Riser, …etc.
•Fire load, Evacuation time, • Functional relationships
•Number and capacity of • Interior spaces and sizes
Architecture
escapes, whit their locations • Safety standards application
Review and
•Max. travel distance Redesign • Building envelope and facades
•Min. construction rating • Energy analysis considerations
• Refuge areas ,…etc.
Structure • Type of structural system
•Structure durability and withstanding System
Selection and
• Structural Materials
in fire • Structural elements dimensions
•Elements protection, …etc. Design
•Fun Pressurized system Building • Integration between all building’s services
•Detection and alarm sys. Services systems
•Sprinkler and gas systems Systems • HVAC system (Indoor air quality)
Design • Electrical system (including day-lighting
•Dry and wet Hydrant Sys.
•Firehouse & Extinguishers, …etc. design system)
• Plumbing systems
Complete
Project
Technical
Includes:- Drawing
• Architecture, Structure, …etc.
• Construction details and quantities
• Optimized energy selection 6
Contents
Project Description
• Introduction

• History of Fires in Hospitals

• Building Engineering Brief

 Project Description

• Stages of Application Codes

for Emergency Exits

• Analysis and Design of

Emergency Exits

• Recommendations Hail new general hospital is located in the northern side of Hail city
with a capacity of 500 beds and its ground floor covers an area of
• References
12,600 m2 and consists of six floors, including one basement floor. Total
area of all floor of the hospital is around 30,000 m2
within the in health city project at Hail reign,
which covers an area over 9 km2.
Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _ 05-Nov-16 7
Contents
Project Description
• Introduction
The next plan is showing a general outline of new health city in Hail
• History of Fires in Hospitals where the general hospital site is indicated by blue hatch.

• Building Engineering Brief

N

 Project Description

• Stages of Application Codes

for Emergency Exits

• Analysis and Design of

Emergency Exits

• Recommendations

• References

Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _ 05-Nov-16 8

Contents
Building Group Classification
• Introduction
First. According to SBC 801 the hospital is under
• History of Fires in Hospitals group (I-2), as shown in the next figure which
taken from the code itself.
• Building Engineering Brief

• Project Description

 Stages of Application Codes

for Emergency Exits

• Analysis and Design of

Emergency Exits

• Recommendations

• References

Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _ 05-Nov-16 Source: SBC 801, Saudi Building Code Page 1/17 9
Contents
Minimum Requirements
• Introduction

• History of Fires in Hospitals

• Building Engineering Brief

• Project Description

 Stages of Application Codes

for Emergency Exits

• Analysis and Design of

Emergency Exits

• Recommendations

• References
According to SBC 801 the group (I-2) incidental
use areas should separate by 1 hour or provide
automatic fire-extinguishing system.

Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _ 05-Nov-16 Source: SBC 801, Saudi Building Code Page 2/2 (table 2A.2.1.1) 10
Contents
Maximum Travel Distance
• Introduction
According to SBC 801 for group (I-2) maximum
• History of Fires in Hospitals travel distance without sprinkler system is 45.7 m
and with sprinkler system is 61 m.
• Building Engineering Brief

• Project Description

 Stages of Application Codes

for Emergency Exits

• Analysis and Design of

Emergency Exits

• Recommendations

• References

* That means the direct distance should not exceed 30.5 m.

Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _ 05-Nov-16 Source: SBC 801, Saudi Building Code Page 8/34 (table 8.15.1) 11
Contents
Number of Occupants
• Introduction
According to SBC 801 the group (I-2) maximum
• History of Fires in Hospitals floor area per occupant as following:-
Inpatient treatment areas = 22.3 m2 /occupant
• Building Engineering Brief

• Project Description

 Stages of Application Codes

for Emergency Exits

• Analysis and Design of

Emergency Exits

• Recommendations

• References

Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _ 05-Nov-16 Source: SBC 801, Saudi Building Code Page 7/8 (table 8.4.1.2) 12
Contents
Number of Occupants
• Introduction
Calculation of Occupants Number:-
• History of Fires in Hospitals
 For Typical floors
• Building Engineering Brief Floor area without toilet areas and staircases = 4000 m2
Maximum occupants number = 4000 ÷ 22.3
• Project Description = 180 Person

 Stages of Application Codes 180 person per each typical floor x 5 typical floor = 900 Person
for Emergency Exits
 Ground floor
area without toilet and staircases = 16000 ÷ 22.3
• Analysis and Design of
= 720 person
Emergency Exits
 Basement floor
• Recommendations without toilet areas and staircases = 5000 ÷ 28
= 180 person
• References
Total Occupants number = 900 + 720 + 180
= 1800 person

Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _ 05-Nov-16 Source: SBC 801, Saudi Building Code Page 7/8 (table 8.4.1.2) 13
Contents
Egress Widths
• Introduction
According to SBC 801 for group (I-2) egress width
• History of Fires in Hospitals
per occupant with sprinkler system is 7.6 mm.
• Building Engineering Brief

• Project Description

 Stages of Application Codes

for Emergency Exits

• Analysis and Design of

Emergency Exits

• Recommendations

• References Maximum occupants number = 180 person / typical floor

Egress width for stairways = 7.6 mm x 180
= 1368 mm
= 1.4 m
Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _ 05-Nov-16 Source: SBC 801, Saudi Building Code Page 8/8 (table 8.5.1) 14
Contents
Analysis of Plans
• Introduction
Typical Floors
• History of Fires in Hospitals
144 m 2
1
• Building Engineering Brief

• Project Description

• Stages of Application Codes

for Emergency Exits

 Analysis and Design of

Emergency Exits

• Recommendations

• References

Travel distance < 75 m Original

Design
Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _ 05-Nov-16 15
Contents
Analysis of Plans
• Introduction
Typical Floors
• History of Fires in Hospitals
70 m 70 m
1 2
• Building Engineering Brief

• Project Description

• Stages of Application Codes

for Emergency Exits 3 4
 Analysis and Design of
Emergency Exits

• Recommendations

• References

Proposed
Travel distance = 40 m Design
Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _ 05-Nov-16 16
Contents
Analysis of Plans
• Introduction
Basement Floor
• History of Fires in Hospitals

• Building Engineering Brief

• Project Description
< 70 m
• Stages of Application Codes
for Emergency Exits 1 2

 Analysis and Design of

Emergency Exits

• Recommendations

• References

Original
Travel distance < 90 m Design
Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _ 05-Nov-16 17
Contents
Analysis of Plans
• Introduction
Basement Floor
• History of Fires in Hospitals

• Building Engineering Brief

35 m
• Project Description

• Stages of Application Codes

for Emergency Exits
1 35 m 2
 Analysis and Design of
Emergency Exits

• Recommendations

• References

3 4
Proposed
Travel distance = 55 m Design
Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _ 05-Nov-16 18
Contents
Analysis of Plans
• Introduction
Ground Floor
• History of Fires in Hospitals

• Building Engineering Brief

• Project Description

• Stages of Application Codes

for Emergency Exits

 Analysis and Design of

Emergency Exits

• Recommendations

• References

Original
Design
Travel distance < 65 m
Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _ 05-Nov-16 19
Contents
Analysis of Plans
• Introduction
Ground Floor
• History of Fires in Hospitals

• Building Engineering Brief

• Project Description

• Stages of Application Codes

for Emergency Exits

 Analysis and Design of

Emergency Exits

• Recommendations

• References

Proposed
Design
Travel distance < 55 m
Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _ 05-Nov-16 20
Contents
• Introduction
• History of Fires in Hospitals
• Building Engineering Brief
• Project Description
• Stages of Application Codes
for Emergency Exits
• Analysis and Design of
Emergency Exits
 Recommendations
• References
Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _ 05-Nov-16
Recommendations
 The importance of inspection for codes requirements
that must be implemented during design phases.
 Must provide the required number of emergency exits
by code requirements according to the occupants
number and the maximum travel distance.
 Take advantage of new technology in the evacuation
of all buildings and hospitals in particular (such as
stairway evacuation chair) because of occupant status.
 The importance of awareness of the practice and
application of safety codes in buildings during the
academic education which come to us engineering
cadres aware of the safety requirements and fire
protection and how to apply them in buildings.
21
Contents
• Introduction
• History of Fires in Hospitals
• Building Engineering Brief
• Project Description
• Stages of Application Codes
for Emergency Exits
• Analysis and Design of
Emergency Exits
• Recommendations
 References
Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _ 05-Nov-16
References
[1] Saudi Building Code (SBC 800) Fire Protection Requirements, 2007.
[2] NFPA 101 Life Safety Standard.
[3] International Building Code, 2003 (IBC).
[4]The eight leading causes of hospital fires. http://www.fierce-
healthcare.com/story/eight-leading-causes-hospital-fires/2009-10-20.
Accessed 8 February 2014.
[5] Cleveland Clinic, St. Anthony’s Hospital, and Mercy Hospital fires:
case studies. www.nfpa.org. Accessed 8 February 2014.
[6] Hospital evacuation planning guide. http://www.mass.gov/.
Accessed 8 February 2014.
[7] Hospital evacuation decision guide. http://archive.ahrq.gov-
/prep/hospevacguide/. Accessed 8 February 2014.
[8] “Determinants of response times for fire and rescue incidents in
the area coverage of the civil defense centers in Dammam city”, Eid
Salem Aldossary, 2014.
22
Thank You a Lot
 Presented By:

Engr. Ghanem M. Banhidarah

Bsc. (Hons) in Building Engineer

G.Hidarah@gmail.com
(+966) 59-858-4136
Ghanem M. BanHidarah