Engine emission control

Presented by- Soniya Majumdar

Mtech, 193170021

Department of Energy Science and Engineering

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Objective-
• To study about different engine emission
after treatment systems.

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Methods of emission control-

1. In-cylinder emission control

2. Emission aftertreatment system

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1. In-cylinder emission control
1. For CI engine-
•Fuel injection modifications- injection timing, injection
pressure, multiple injection.
•Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)
•Intake boosting
•Intake temperature management
•Combustion chamber design
2. For SI engine-
•Fuel injection system
•Intake boosting
•Lean burn
•Variable valve actuation 4
2. Emission aftertreatment system-

1. SI engine-
•Two way and three way catalytic converter
•NOx absorber catalyst
•Gasoline particulate filter

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 Three way catalytic converter

1. Reduction catalyst – Rhodium catalyst

• 2NO → N2 + O2
• 2NO2 → N2 + 2O2
2. Oxidation catalyst – Platinum and palladium catalyst
• 2CO + O2→ 2CO2
• HC + O2 → CO2 + H2O
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2. CI engines-
• Diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC)
• Particle oxidation catalyst
• Diesel particulate filters (DPF)
• Urea- SCR catalyst
• NOx absorber catalyst

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1. Diesel oxidation catalyst-
• Oxidation of CO and HC by using oxidation catalyst
•HC + O2 = CO2 + H2O(1)
•CnH2m + (n + m/2)O2 = nCO2 + mH2O(1a)
•2CO + O2 = 2CO2
• Disadvantages-
•2SO2 + O2 = 2SO3
•SO3 + H2O = H2SO4
•2NO + O2 = 2NO2
• Nitrogen dioxide can be used to enhance the
performance of several types of SCR catalyst, as well as
to promote passive regeneration of DPF. 8
2. Particle oxidation catalyst-
• Devices that can capture and store carbonaceous
PM material for a period of time sufficient for its
catalytic oxidation
• Captured particles are removed through
oxidation to gaseous products, in a process
called regeneration
• Accomplished by reactions between soot and
nitrogen dioxide
• Particulate control efficiency higher than that of
the DOC, but lower than diesel particulate filters
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3. Diesel Particulate filters (DPF)-
• physically capture diesel particulates
• filtration efficiencies, in excess of 90%
• Types of filters- active, passive, disposable
• Regeneration- a process of removing
particulate from filters
• Regeneration can be done by introducing
catalyst or by supplying high heat into the
exhaust system

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4. Urea- SCR catalyst -
• Reduction of NOx by nitrogen compounds, such
as ammonia or urea
• Two forms of ammonia used in SCR systems: (1) pure
anhydrous ammonia, and (2) aqueous ammonia.
• 6NO + 4NH3 → 5N2 + 6H2O
• In diesel engine, NO2 levels are increased to enhance
NOx conversion at low temperature.
• Improper content of NO2 may lead to formation of
nitrous oxide and explosive ammonium nitrate and at
low temperature it may clog pores of catalyst

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5. NOx absorber catalyst-
• involves storage of NOx on the catalyst
washcoat during lean exhaust conditions and
release during rich operation and high
temperatures
1. Active NOx absorber
2. Passive NOx absorber

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a. Active NOx adsorber

• Stored NOx is periodically released and

catalytically converted to nitrogen
• NOx is stored during lean condition and
converted during rich condition
• Declining NOx reduction performance at
higher exhaust temperature

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b. Passive NOx adsorber
• More recent and simpler variant
• Adsorb NOx during cold start and release it
when exhaust temperature is high
• Used with urea-SCR aftertreatment to
improve the low temperature performance of
the system

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Thank You

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