Link Budget

Calculation
 Introduction

• A satellite communication link is defined as an

Earth station - satellite - Earth station connection.

• The Earth station - satellite segment is called the

uplink.

• The satellite - Earth station segment is called the

downlink.
 Introduction
• The Earth station design consists of the Transmission
Link Design (Link Budget) and the Transmission
System Design.

• Link Budget establishes the resources needed for a

given service to achieve the performance objectives.
 Bài tập 4

Link Budget Calculation between

the VINASAT satellite and
the Earth Station at Hà Nội
 Link Parameters

* Operation Bandwidth
Link design at Ku-Band, using frequency of
14GHz for the uplink and 11GHz for the
downlink.
 Link Parameters
* Earth Station
- Located at 210N latitude and 105,450E longitude.
- The diameter of the antenna (D) is 10m, the aperture
efficiency (η) is 70%
- Transmission power of Earth Station is 50W.
- Earth station antenna height of 7m above sea level.
- Earth station antenna height of 7m above sea level
 Link Parameters

* Satellite
- Located at 1320E longtitude.
- (EIRP)s = 55dBW.
- Transponder Bandwidth is 36MHz.
- Receiver noise figure F = 4dB.
- Receiver figure of merit
(G/T)s = 8.4dB/0K
 Link Parameters
* Other suppositions
- Feeder loss LF = 1dB
- Polarization mismatch loss LPOL = 0.1dB
- Antenna misalignment loss 0.9dB
- Rain loss figure ɣ = 2.56dB/km, rain height hR =
3.208Km
- Tropospheric loss figure 0.02dB/Km
- Ambient temperature TX = 3000K
 CỰ LI THÔNG TIN
- Distance from earth to satellite is calculated

d  ( r 2  Re2  2 rRe cos  0 )

where
cos 0  cos . cos L e
+ Re:radius of earth Re=6378 Km
+ r : radius of satelite r=h + Re
+ Latitude of earth at Ha Noi = 210 N
+ Longitude of earth at Ha Noi Le = 105,450N

+ Longitude of satellite Ls = 132 E 0

→ Difference in longitude between the earth station and the satellite

is :
ΔLe = 1320 – 105,450 = 26.550
→
→ β0 = 33.370
cos  0  cos 21 cos 26.55  0.8351
0 0
 Tinh goc ngang anten tram mat
dat
Distance between VINASAT satellite and Earth station at Ha Noi is

dd=36986.255
 42146 km
2
 63782  2.42146.6378. cos(33.370)
- Elevation angle of satellite from the Earth station θe
((Chứng minh ))
Re
where Re = 6378 [km] cos 0 
tge  r
r = 42146 [km] sin 0
→ tgθe = 1.24318 → θe = 51.1870
 tính toán tuyến lên
- Azimuth of the satellite φa
tgLe tg 23.70
tgA    1.225
(  sin  ) (  sin 21 )
0

→ A = -50.770
→ φa = 1800 – (–50.770) = 230.770
- transmit antenna gain of Earth station
2
 DfU 
GTe  10 log  
 c 
where η= 0.7 ; D = 10m ; fU= 14GHz ; c=3.108m/s
→ GTe = 61.7697 [dB]
 Uplink Budget

- Earth station transmit power (50W) in dB is

PTe = 10log(50) = 16.9897 [dBW]
- Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power of the
transmitting Earth station is
EIRPe = GTe+ PTe - LF = 77.7594 [dBW]
- Uplink total loss is
LU = LSPU + LFU + LOU
 Tinh suy hao
+ Free-space loss is
LSPU  20 lg(4fU d )  20 lg(c )  206,7207 [dB]
+ Rain loss is (LR)U = ɣU.LS [dB]
where LS is the effective path length of the signal through the rain trang
11

h h
( Lap slide rieng ) LS  R S

sin e from CCIR Recommendation

At 210N latitude, rain height (adapted
564) is
hR = 3,028 [km] ( sách cho )
hS = 7m = 0,007km ; sinθe = sin51.1870
→ Ls = 3.585km
 He so suy hao do mua
- ɣ depend on frequency and cuong do mua
R p ,01
- dựa vào bảng coefficient on frequency and polarization
when f=14Ghz  =0,0367, =1,154,
=0,0335, =1,128
- He so suy hao do mua khi song phan cuc dung , ngang :
= = = 21.57 [db/km]

= = = 17.06 [db/km]
ah bh


→ Uplink rain loss is (LR)U= ɣU.LS = 19.315 * 3.585 = 69.244 dB

av bv

h ah * ( R p ) bh
0.0367 * ( 251) 1.154

bh
v av * ( R p )
0.0335 * ( 251)1.128
 h   v 21.57  17.06
u    19.315 [db / km ]
2 2
 Uplink Budget
+ Antenna misalignment losses are
LTe = 0.9dB ; LRs = 0.9dB

+ Polarization mismatch loss is

LPOL = 0.1dB

+ Loss due to tropospheric

effects is

htr
=0.385
Ltr  dB * l   * ( )  0.02 * (15 )
tr tr tr sin  e sin 51.187
 Uplink Budget
Hence, uplink total loss is
LU = LSPU + LFU + LOU
= LSPU + (LRU + LTe + LRs + LPOL + Ltr)
= 206.7207 + (69.244 + 0.9 + 0.9 + 0.1 + 0.385)
= 278.25[dB]
- Satellite receiver noise temperature

F
với F = 4dB he so tap am cua
10 ve tinh
T
T0 = 2900K nhiệt RS
 (10
độ chuẩn
 1)T
0

→ TRS = 4380K
- Uplink noise temperature is TU = TRS + TAS
where TRS = 4380K ; TAS = 2900K nhiệt tạp âm của anten
thu vệ tinh
→ TU = 4380 + 2900 = 7280K
- Satellite receive antenna gain is
GRS= (G/T)S + 10lgTU [dB]
where (G/T)S = 8.4 dB/0K
→ GRS= 8.4 + 10lg728 = 37.02 [dB]
 Uplink Budget
- Satellite received carrier power is
CRS = EIRPe – LU + GRS=
= 77.7594 - 278.25 + 37.02 = -162.5 [dBW]
- Uplink noise power(Cis/ N )N CU =
u RS
10lgkTUB
 N  -162.5 - (-124.4)
u

where k is Boltzmann’s constant (1,38.10-23 [J/K])

TU equivalent noise temperature (7280K)
B is the noise bandwidth of the carrier 36MHz
23
→ uN  10 lg(1 .38 * 10 * 728 * 36 * 10 6
)  124.4[dbW ]
- Uplink carrier-to-noise ratio
(C/N)U = 77.7594 + 124.4 = 21.826 [dBW]
 Downlink budget
- Downlink total loss LD
+ Free-space loss is
(Ltd)D= 20lg(4πfDd) – 20lgc
= 20lg(4πx11.109x36986.255x103)-20lg3.108
= 204.62 dB
 He so suy hao do mua
- ɣ depend on frequency and cuong do mua
R p ,01
- dựa vào bảng coefficient on frequency and polarization
when f=11Ghz  =0,0144, =1,246
=0,0128, =1,232
- He so suy hao do mua khi song phan cuc dung , ngang :
= = = 14.07 [db/km]

= = =11.57 [db/km]
ah bh


→ Downlink rain loss is (LR)D= ɣU.LS = 12.82 * 3.585 = 45.95 dB

av bv

h ah * ( R p ) bh
0.0144 * ( 251) 1.246

bh
v av * ( R p )
0.0128 * ( 251)1.232
 h   v 14.07  11 .57
u    12.82 [db / km ]
2 2
+ Polarization mismatch loss is LPOL= 0.1 dB
+ Antenna misalignment losses are
LTs = 0.9 dB ; LRe = 0.9 dB
+ Loss due to tropospheric
effects is

htr
Ltr   =0.385
tr * ltr   tr
dB *( )  0.02 * (15 )
sin  e sin 51.187
 Downlink budget
→ Downlink total loss is
LD = (Ltd)D + (LR)D + Ltr + LPOL+ Lts + Lre
= 204.62+45.95 + 0.385+ 0.1 +0.9 + 0.9
= 252.85 dB
- Earth station receive antenna gain is
2
 DfD 
GRe  10 log  
 c 
where η= 0.7; D = 10m; fD= 11GHz; c=3.108m/s
→ GRe = 59.675 dB
 Downlink budget
• Downlink noise calculation
- Universe noise temperature is Tu =2.760K
- Sun noise temperature is Tsu = 500K
- Space noise temperature is
TS = Tu + Tsu =52.760K
+Tm average temperature of rain
Tm =1.12* Txq – 50 =2860K
+ Wave attenuation caused by rain is

- Rain noise temperature TM

K
LM  10( LR ) D / 10  104.595  26.3dB
 Downlink budget
- Noise temperature introduced by the loss of the feeder
line is
TF  T0 (LF  1)  300(100.1  1)  77.678K
- Receiver noise temperature TR ~ T1 ,where T1 is noise
temperature of the first module of earth station receiver
Let’s give TR = 150oK
- System noise temperature

TS  TA TF 52.76  275 77.678

Tsys    TR    150
LF LF 1.259 1.259
= 4720K
 Downlink budget
- System noise power
Nsys  10 log k  10 log Tsys  10 log B
 228,6  10 log 472  10 log 36  106
 126.3dBW
- Downlink carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N)D
CRe  EIRPs  LD  GRe  50  221.05  65.38
 105,67dBW

→ (C / N)D  CRE  Nsys  105 .67  126.3  20.63dBW