Course: COMP8005 - IT Services

Performance and Tuning

Session 4
 Definition Performance and Tuning

• Performance and Tuning is a methodology to maximize

throughput and minimize response times of batch jobs,
on line transactions, and internet activities

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 5 mayor resources
The five infrastructure areas most impacted by
performance and tuning are:
• Servers
• Disk storage
• Databases
• Networks
• Desktop computers

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 Prioritized characteristics for
a performance and tuning proces owner
Characteristic priority
Knowledge of system software and components high

Knowledge of network software and components high

Knowledge of software and configuration high
Knowledge of hardware and configuration high
Ability to think and act tactically high
Knowledge of applications medium
Ability to work effectively with developer Medium
Knowledge of desktop hardware & software medium
Knowledge of power and airconditioning medium

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Performance and Tuning
Server Environment
 Server environment
• Processor
• Main memory
• Cache memory
• Number and size of buffers
• Size of swap space
• Number and type of channels

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 Performance server metrics

• Processor utilization percentages

• The frequency of swapping in and out of main memory
• Percentage of hits to main memory cache
• The length and duration of processing queues
• The percentage of utilization of channel
• The amount of processor overhead used to measure
performance

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 Performance and Tuning
Disk Storage Environment
 Disk Storage environment
• Cache memory
• Volume groups
• Striping
• Storage area networks
• Network-attacked storage
• Extents
• Fragmentation

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 SAN and NAS
• SAN a storage area network consist of a high speed sub
network of shared storage devices. The configuration of
SAN enables all storage devices to connect to all servers
within a local or wide area network (WAN).
• A network attached storage NAS device is a servers to
be dedicated solely to file sharing. This enables other
servers to be dedicated to processing activities while the
NAS device is dedicated to storage.

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 Extents and Fragmentation

• Extent occur when the amount of data needing to be

written exceeds the amount of original contigous disk
space allocated
• Fragmented occur by other means as well, with the
similar result of longer disk-access times and slower
response time.

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Performance and Tuning
Database Environment
 Database Environment
• Placement of table files
• Initialization parameter
• Placement of data files
• Indexes and keys
• Locks
• Balance of system resources
• Access patterns
• Database Fragmentation.

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 Indexes and Keys
• Key are used to identify records in certain sequences by
designating one ore more unique field in a table The
Indexes are tree structure s that that hold the keys along
with pointer to remainder of data
• Key are designated field within a record of a file or
database that enables the quick and secure searching or
sorting of records within a table
• Indexes are list of keys within a database that enable
the fast searching of a particular record or groups of
record. Indexes also allow for multiple sorting of records
within groups of tables or keys.
Performance and Tuning
Network Environment
 Network Environment
• Bandwidth
• Line speed
• Protocols
• Single Sign On (SSO)
• Number of retries
• Nonstandard interface
• Broadcast storms

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Performance and Tuning
Desktop Computer
Environment
 Desktop Computer Environment
• Processors
• Memory
• Disk storage space
• Network connections
• Diagnostic tools
• Administrative tools

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 Desktop performance
Application that run in the backgrond that are automatically loaded during start
up
• Automatic updater for applications
• Automatic updater for operating systems
• Anti virus software
• Restriction software to protect childern
• Anti spam software
• Personal firewall
• Anti -spyware

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 Assessing an infrastructure’s
Performance and Tuning Process
• 10 category
• Executive Support; Process owner; Customer
Involvement; Supplier involvement; Service
Metrics; Process Metrics; Process Integration;
Streaming/Automation; Training of Staff; Process
Documentation
• Question for performance and tuning
• Score:
• Non weighted : none, small, medium, large
• Weighted : weight, rating, score
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