ALMIGHTY FATHER, THANK YOU FOR

BEING WITH US TODAY.

WITH YOUR PRESENCE AMONGST US,
BLESS AND GUIDE US THAT OUR
ACTIVITY FOR TODAY WILL BE
SUCCESSFUL.
SOMETHING MEANINGFUL, SIGNIFICANT
AND MORE BENIFICIAL TO OUR STUDY.
MAY THE KNOWLEDGE THAT YOU
PROVIDE, WILL HELP US TO BECOME A
BETTER PERSON.
GUIDE US O LORD AS WE GO ON OUR
WAY HOME. THIS WE ASK IN JESUS
 COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING
PART I - INTRODUCTION
PART II - COURSE SYLLABUS

PART III - LECTURE PROPER

PART I - INTRODUCTION

JULIUS M PAPELLERO
Ph.D. 4
 PART I - INTRODUCTION

ENGR JULIUS M COL JULIUS M PAPELLERO MR JULIUS M

PAPELLERO (RET) PA PAPELLERO
1. REGISTERED MECHANICAL 1. ROTC 1. CERTIFIED SECURITY
ENGINEER COMMANDANT PROFESSIONAL
2. MS IN MANAGEMENT 2. INFANTRY MAN 2. CHIEF SECURITY
ENGINEERING OFFICER
3. ARMY
3. DIPLOMA IN PROF EDUCATION LOGISTICIAN 3. ASSIST MANAGER,
SSD
4. DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN
TECH MANAGEMENT
5
 PART II - COURSE
SYLLABUS
VISION
A premier, multidisciplinary-
technological university

6
 MISSION
The University shall primarily provide
advanced professional and technical
instruction for special purposes, advanced
studies in industrial trade, agriculture, fishery,
forestry, aeronautics, and land-based
programs, arts and sciences, health sciences,
information technology and other relevant
field of study.
JULIUS M PAPELLERO
It shall also undertake research
LTC
and
(OS)
extension services and provide PA progressive
COMMANDANT
leadership in its areas of specialization (Sec. 2
of RA 9744).
7
 GOALS OF THE COLLEGE
1. Provide quality engineering education
and
technical skills training attuned to the
changing
needs of the industry.
2.Train and develop students to be future
leaders of JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
the society imbued with
PA
sense of
responsibility and environmental
COMMANDANT
consciousness.
8
 GOALS OF THE COLLEGE
3. Produce globally competent
engineering
graduates.
4. Produce technology related researches
and
innovations for the benefit of the
society.
JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
5. Provide training and technical
PA know
how to COMMANDANT

communities for the empowerment,

increased 9
PHILOSOPHY OF THE UNIVERSITY
CTU BELIEVES IN ECONOMIC STABILITY
THROUGH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
EDUCATION TO MEET THE RAPID
CHANGING NEEDS OF CONTEMPORARY
SOCIETY AND THE PRINCIPLE OF LEARNING
BY DOING.
JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

10
 INSTITUTIONAL OUTCOMES
1.Relevant, effective, and quality education
for
sustainable growth.
2. Access to quality education for the
underprivileged
students.
3. Relevant research for economic,
environmental JULIUS M PAPELLERO
and sustainable development.LTC (OS)
PA
4. Expanded community engagement. COMMANDANT
5. Effective and efficient management of
resources. 11
 PROGRAM OUTCOMES
A.Common to all Programs:
1. Articulate and discuss the latest
developments
in the specific field of practice.
2. Communicate effectively through
oral and in
written forms using both English and
Filipino. JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
3. Work effectively and independently
PA
in multi COMMANDANT
disciplinary and multi cultural teams.
12
 PROGRAM OUTCOMES
A.Common to all Programs:
4. Act in recognition of professional,
social and
ethical responsibilities.
5. Preserve and promote “Filipino
historical and
cultural heritage” based onJULIUS
RA 7722.
M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

13
 PROGRAM OUTCOMES
B.Common to Engineering Education:
6. Apply knowledge of mathematics
and sciences
to solve engineering problems.
7. Design and conduct experiments, as
well as to
analyze and interpret data.
JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

14
 PROGRAM OUTCOMES
B.Common to Engineering Education:
8. Design a system, component or
process to meet
desired needs within realistic
constraint's such
as economic, environmental, social,
political,
ethical, health and safety, JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
manufacturability PA
and sustainability in accordance
COMMANDANTwith
standards.
15
 PROGRAM OUTCOMES
B.Common to Engineering Education:
9. Identify, formulate and solve
engineering
problems.
10. Engage in life long learning.
11. Assess the impact of engineering
solutions in a JULIUS M PAPELLERO
global, economic, environmental
LTC (OS)
PA
and social COMMANDANT
context.
16
 PROGRAM OUTCOMES
B.Common to Engineering Education:
12. Utilize techniques, skills and
modern
engineering tools as necessary for
engineering
practice.
13. Employ engineering and
management JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
principle as a team member
PA
and /or
leader to COMMANDANT
manage projects in multi
disciplinary 17
 PROGRAM OUTCOMES
C. Common to BS Engineering Program:
14. Evaluate the impact of ME
solutions in global
and social context.
15. Perform services in manufacturing,
product
planning, equipment design and
maintenance JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
of mechanical and industrial
PA
systems and COMMANDANT
components.
18
 GRADING SYSTEM:
1. MID TERM:
a. QUIZ, HOMEWORK and Assignment
= 40%
b. Attendance = 10%
c. Graded Oral Participation = 10%
d. Prelim and Mid Term Exam = 40%
2. FINAL TERM:
a. QUIZ, HOMWEWORK and
Assignment = 30% JULIUS M PAPELLERO
b. Project = 20% LTC
PA
(OS)

b. Attendance = 10% COMMANDANT

c. Graded Oral Participation = 10%
d. Semi Final and Final Exam = 30% 19
 HOUSE RULES:
1. GRAVE OFFENSES:
a. Tampering, forgering and
falsification of school records.
b. Showing indecent behavior.
c. Attending classes under the
influence of liquor or drugs.
d. Bringing FAS and deadly weapons
inside the classroom.
e. Stealing tools, books, projects,
JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
supplies and materials and other
PA
properties of the COMMANDANT
university and of the students.
Sanction - Suspension of classes from 320
 HOUSE RULES:
1. GRAVE OFFENSES:
f. Plagiarism
g. Sabotage of any form.
c. Provoking/challenging classmates to
a fight.
d. Assaulting teachers (verbal or
physical abuse).
e. Cheating JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
Sanction - Suspension of classes
PA
from 3
to 4 days with curricular COMMANDANT
assignment.
- Expulsion 21
 HOUSE RULES:
2. SERIOUS OFFENSES:
a. Using abusive languages inside the
campus.
b. Vandalism.
c. Removing authorized posters of
organization.
d. Lending authorized college
uniforms or ID cards to others with
JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
deceitful intent. PA
e. Placing intentionally obstructions
COMMANDANT on
corridors, alleys and stairways.
Sanction - Community service like 22
 HOUSE RULES:
3. LIGHT OFFENSES:
a. Generating boisterous noise despite
repeated warnings from the professor.
b. Rocking of armchairs.
c. Non-wearing of proper uniform and
ID.
d. Spitting on floors and walls.
e. Using of cellphones or other
JULIUS M PAPELLERO
communication gadgets inside theLTC
PA
(OS)

classroom while classes are on going.

COMMANDANT
Sanction - Oral reprimand, written
reprimand to suspension from class for 1 to 23
PART III - LECTURE
PROPER

24
 SEQUENCE OF MY LECTURE
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF TOOL AND DIE
INDUSTRY
1.2 DEFINITION OF TERMS

1.3 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MOLDS AND

DIE
1.4 DIFFERENCE AMONGST MOLD, TOOL
AND DIE
1.5 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN JIGS AND
FIXTURES

25
 SEQUENCE OF MY LECTURE
2. WHAT IS TOOL AND DIE
ENGINEERING?
2.1 WHAT IS TOOL AND DIE
DESIGN?
2.2 OBJECTIVES OF TOOL AND DIE
DESIGN
3. RESPONSIBILITES OF TOOL
ENGINEERS:

26
 SEQUENCE OF MY LECTURE
4. WHAT IS A TOOL AND DIE
MAKER?
4.1 FUNCTIONS OF A TOOL AND DIE
MAKER
4.2 HOW TO BECOME A TOOL AND DIE
MAKER
5. TOOL
DRAWINGS

27
 SEQUENCE OF MY LECTURE
6. ECONOMICS OF DESIGN

7. APPLICATIONS OF GEOMETRIC
DIMENSIONING
ANDSYMBOLS
7.1
TOLERANCING
AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS

28
29
 1.
INTRODUCTION:
1.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF TOOL AND DIE
INDUSTRY
In 1800’s Tools and Dies were developed by
ELI WHITNEY, the American inventor and
manufacturer who first implemented the
manufacturing of interchangeable parts.
With the aid of tooling, the production of
components to its desired dimensions were
resolved.

30
 1.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF TOOL AND DIE
INDUSTRYTooling is a process of acquiring the
manufacturing components and machines
needed for production.
Tooling include fixtures, jigs, gauges, molds,
dies, cutting equipment and patterns.

31
 1.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF TOOL AND DIE
INDUSTRY
Whitney’s tooling consists of templates
and rudimentary fixtures, the forerunner of
today’s tool and die.

After the growth of machine tools and the

introduction of interchangeable parts,
modern machine shops were created.

32
 1.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF TOOL AND DIE
INDUSTRY
Also, the development of power press gave
rise to another form of tooling.
This type of tooling cuts and presses sheet
metal into predetermined shapes and
configurations.

33
1.1.BRIEF HISTORY OF TOOL AND DIE
INDUSTRY
After WW2, the industry welcome the
Numerical Control (NC) Machines using a
series of holes punched on paper tape to
control their motion.
In 1960’s, computer began to add
flexibility to the process, thus the
introduction of NC and CNC machines -
that can precisely repeat sequences and34
can produce more complex shapes.
 1.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF TOOL AND DIE
INDUSTRY
Lately, the industry welcome the
transformation of traditional tools and die
shops that produced one form of tooling.
This trend attributed to the growing
sophistication of tooling.

35
 1.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF TOOL AND DIE
INDUSTRY
Tool and die companies staffed by skilled
craft workers manufactures innovative
products from auto parts to appliances to
fighter planes as well.
The Auto Industry is the largest user of
tools and dies.

36
1.2 DEFINITION OF TERMS:
WHAT IS TOOL AND DIE?

JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

37
1.2 DEFINITION OF TERMS:
WHAT IS A DIE IN A TOOL AND DIE?

A stamping Die is a special, one-of-a-kind

precision tool
that cuts and forms sheet metal into a desired
shape or profile.

38
1.2 DEFINITION OF
TERMS:
WHAT IS A
WHAT IS A
DIE?
A die is a specialized tool used in
manufacturing industries to cut or shape
material mostly using a press.
JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
Like molds, dies are generally customized to
PA
the item they are used to create. Products
COMMANDANT
made with dies range from simple paper clips
to complex pieces used in advanced39
technology.
1.2 DEFINITION OF TERMS:

PUNCHES AND DIES

 Die isa block of metal with a special shape or with

a pattern cut into it that is used for shaping other
pieces of metal such as coins or for making patterns.

40
1.2 DEFINITION OF TERMS:
WHAT IS TOOLING?

Tooling, aka Machine Tooling is the process of

acquiring the manufacturing components
and machines needed for production.
The categories of tooling include fixtures,
jigs, gauges, molds, dies, cutting equipment
and patterns.
JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

41
1.2 DEFINITION OF
TERMS:
WHAT IS
MACHINING?

42
1.2 DEFINITION OF
TERMS:
WHAT IS A MACHINE
DIE?

- is a machine designed to cut materials,

such as paper, fabric, or metal, to a
specific shape.
JULIUS M PAPELLERO
Cutting dies are purchased separately
LTC to
(OS)
PA
be used in the machine, which cut the
COMMANDANT
desired material. Cutting dies come in all
shapes, sizes, and designs.
43
1.2 DEFINITION OF
TERMS:
WHAT IS A WORKPIECE?
JULIUS M PAPELLERO
- is a piece of metal or other material
LTC that(OS)
is
in the process of being worked on PA or made
COMMANDANT
or has actually been cut or shaped by a
hand tool or machine.
44
1.2 DEFINITION OF
TERMS:
WHAT IS A CUTTING
TOOL?
-  is
any tool that is used to remove metal
from the work piece by means of
shear deformation. 45
1.2 DEFINITION OF TERMS:

JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

46
1.2 DEFINITION OF TERMS:

JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

47
1.2 DEFINITION OF TERMS:

48
1.2 DEFINITION OF TERMS:

JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

49
1.2 DEFINITION OF TERMS:

JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

50
1.2 DEFINITION OF
TERMS:

JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

51
1.3 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MOLDS AND
DIES
Mold - is a container that you pour sift
liquid or substance into which then becomes
solid in the same shape as the container e.g.
when it is cooled or cooked.

JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

52
1.3 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MOLDS AND
DIES
Dies - are used to cut objects from
media; a cookie cutter is a very simple form of
a die. Can cut many objects at once, increasing
productivity.
Fancy edged papers are cut by dies, as are
machine parts such as washers. Dies are used
to create shapes, 2 dies can be used at the
same time to create complex shapes.
JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

53
1.3 THE DIFFERENCE AMONG MOLD, DIE AND
TOOLS

JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

54
 WHAT IS JIG?

Is a manufacturing aid that guides a tool. A

device used to guide a cutting tools (usually a
drill or reamer).

JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

55
WHAT IS A FIXTURE?

Is device used to hold a work piece, such as a

welding fixture.
TY

JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

56
1.3 THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN JIGS AND
FIXTURES
Nr Jigs Fixtures
1. It is a work holding It is a work holding device
device that holds, that holds, supports and
supports and locates the locates the workpiece for
workpiece and guides a specific operation but
the cutting tool for a does not guide the cutting
specific operation. tool
2. jigs are used in fixtures are used in
unidimensional JULIUS M PAPELLERO
multidimensional
LTC
machining i.e. drilling, machining i.e. milling, (OS)
PA
reaming, tapping, etc turning, grinding, etc .
COMMANDANT

57
 1.3 THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN JIGS AND
FIXTURES
Nr Jigs Fixtures
3. Jigs are light in weight. Fixtures are rigid and bulky.
4. Gauge blocks are not Gauge blocks may be
necessary. provided for effective
handling.
5. The jigs are special tools Fixtures are specific tools
particularly used in used
drilling, reaming, tapping particularly in milling
JULIUS M PAPELLERO
and boring operation. machine, shapers
LTC (OS)
and slotting PA
machine
COMMANDANT
1.3 THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN JIGS AND
FIXTURES
Nr Jigs Fixtures
6. Usually it is not fixed to It is fixed to the machine
the machine table. table.
7. Its cost is more. Its cost is less as
compared with the jig.
8. Their designing is Their designing is less
complex. complex.

JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

59
2. WHAT IS TOOL AND DIE
ENGINEERING?
- is a specialized field in manufacturing industry
involving mechanics who create gauges, cutting
tools, machine tools, molds, dies, fixtures, jigs, and
other tools utilized in the processes of manufacturing.

JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

60
2.1 WHAT IS TOOL AND DIE DESIGN?

TDD is a specialized area of

manufacturing engineering comprising the
analysis, planning, design, construction, and
application of tools, methods, and
procedures necessary to increase
manufacturing productivity.

JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

61
 2.2 OBJECTIVES OF TOOL AND DIE
DESIGN
2.2.1 To reduce the cost of manufacturing and
improve quality.
2.2.2 To design tools that can withstand all forces
acting on them.
2.3.3 To design tools that reduce downtime and
increase
production. JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

62
2.2 OBJECTIVES OF TOOL DESIGN

2.2.4 Provide simple and easy operation on

machine tools
that maximizes efficiency.
2.2.5 To produce components of high quality
that requires
fewer secondary operations.
JULIUS M PAPELLERO
2.2.6 To maximize the safety of operation.
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

63
2.2 OBJECTIVES OF TOOL
DESIGN
2.2.7. To select the material that increases
the tool life.
2.2.8 To design tools convenient for
operators.
2.2.9 Design tools that maintains precision
and accuracy
JULIUS M PAPELLERO
of the component produced.LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

64
3. RESPONSIBILITES OF TOOL
ENGINEERS:
3.1 R&D of new tools or modify existing tooling to
improve the
manufacturing process from quantity to quality.
3.2 Make sure the tooling required for a job is ready
to begin
the production.

JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

65
3. RESPONSIBILITES OF TOOL
ENGINEERS:
3.3 Documentation of tooling development.
3.4 Review the performance of tools – inspect and
evaluate
the tool from time to time.

JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

66
3. RESPONSIBILITES OF TOOL
ENGINEERS:
3.5 Train operators on new equipment and its
processes.
3.6 Provide a guidelines to the technician on
maintenance and
repair procedure of new tool.
3.7 Provide a detailed drawing of tools that include
a list of JULIUS M PAPELLERO
parts and assembly drawing. LTC (OS)
PA
3.8 Support and cooperate with COMMANDANT
another department,
such as planning.
67
4. WHAT IS A TOOL AND DIE
MAKER?
Tool and die makers are a class of
machinists in the manufacturing industry who
make:
1) jigs 6) cutting
tools
2) fixtures 7) gauges
3) dies 8)
machine tools
4) molds
5) other tools used in manufacturing
processes
68
4. WHAT IS A TOOL AND DIE
MAKER?
is someone who operates a variety of
computer-controlled or mechanically-
controlled machine tools to produce precision
metal parts, instruments and tools.
They work in machine shops and tool rooms
and on factory floors.

69
4.1 FUNCTIONS OF A TOOL AND DIE
MAKER
4.1.1 Study blueprints, sketches, specifications,
cad, cam files
for making tools and dies.
4.1.2 Compute and verify dimensions, sizes,
shapes and
tolerances of work pieces.

70
4.1 FUNCTIONS OF A TOOL AND DIE
MAKER
4.1.3 Set up, operate and tear down
conventional,
manual or CNC machine tools.
4.1.4 File, grind and adjust parts so that they
fit together
properly.

71
4.1 FUNCTIONS OF A TOOL AND DIE
MAKER
4.1.5 Test completed tools or dies to ensure
that they
meet specifications.
4.1.6 Inspect for proper dimensions and
defects.
4.1.7 Smooth and polish surfaces of tools
and dies.

72
4.2 HOW TO BECOME A TOOL AND DIE
MAKER?

1) Mastery in basic math.

Trigo for calculating bolt circles and
finding the
length of triangle.
Algebra for applying handbook formulas.
4.2 HOW TO BECOME A TOOL AND DIE
MAKER?

JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
2) Computer drafting literate. Capable
PA of
creating and interpreting mechanical
COMMANDANT
drawings.
74
4.2 HOW TO BECOME A TOOL AND DIE
MAKER?

3) Enter an apprenticeship program at a tool

JULIUS and
M PAPELLERO
die shop.  LTC (OS)
PA
Do simple tasks like drilling, deburring and
COMMANDANT
sweeping
then lathe, mill and surface grinder.
75
4.3 HOW TO BECOME A TOOL AND DIE
MAKER?

4) Study machine tool technology at a

certified JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
vocational school. Study
PA
CNC
programming courses. COMMANDANT

Hands on experience reinforces classroom

76
instruction.
4.4 HOW TO BECOME A TOOL AND DIE
MAKER?

5) Have a JULIUS M
copy of machinery handbook asPAPELLERO
your
reference. LTC (OS)
PA
An excellent reference for COMMANDANT
answering any
machining problem.
77
4.5 HOW TO BECOME A TOOL AND DIE
MAKER?

JULIUS M PAPELLERO
6) Have a quality precision toolsLTC
like 1-2- (OS)
3
inch PA
COMMANDANT
micrometers, square set, toolbox and an
electronic caliper.
78
4.6 HOW TO BECOME A TOOL AND DIE
MAKER?

JULIUS M PAPELLERO
7) when employed, focus on gaining
LTC (OS)
experience. PA
COMMANDANT
Learn from veteran tool and die
makers.
79
4.7 HOW TO BECOME A TOOL AND DIE
MAKER?

8) Communicate with other tool and die

makers on
the internet in various discussion forum
concerning CNC programming.
80
 4.8 HOW TO BECOME A TOOL AND DIE
MAKER?

JULIUS M PAPELLERO
9) Read metal working trade publications
LTC in your
(OS)
PA
spare time. COMMANDANT

81
4.9 HOW TO BECOME A TOOL AND DIE
MAKER?

JULIUS M PAPELLERO
10) Be an engineer coupled with experience in
LTC (OS)
a tool and PA
die trade, enable you to land aCOMMANDANT
supervisory
or
managerial position and or in teaching.
JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

83
JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

84
JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

85
JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

86
6. ECONOMICS OF TOOL DESIGN
The basic guidelines of economical design are
important to keeping costs low while maintaining
quality:
6.1 Keep all designs simple, functional, and
uncomplicated.
6.2 Use preformed commercial materials
where possible.
JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

87
6. ECONOMICS OF TOOL DESIGN

6.3 Always use standard pre-manufactured

components.
6.4 Reduce or eliminate unnecessary
operations.
6.5 Do not use overly tight, expensive
tolerances.
JULIUS M PAPELLERO
6.6 Simplify tool drawings and LTC (OS)
documentation. PA
COMMANDANT

88
 7. APPLICATIONS OF GEOMETRIC
DIMENSIONING
AND TOLERANCING
Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing
(GD&T) is a system for defining and communicating 
engineering tolerances.
It uses a symbolic language on engineering drawings
 and computer-generated 3D solid models that
describes nominal geometry and its allowable
variation.
It tells the manufacturing staff and machines what
degree of accuracy and precision is needed on each
controlled feature of the part.
89
7. APPLICATIONS OF GEOMETRIC
DIMENSIONING
AND TOLERANCING
Tolerancing - Allowance for a specific variation in
the size
and geometry of part.
Engineers have come up with a way to make
things close to perfect by specifying tolerances.

90
7. APPLICATIONS OF GEOMETRIC
DIMENSIONING
AND TOLERANCING
Variation from the drawing is inevitable the
acceptable degree of variation must be
specified.
Large variation may affect the functionality of
the part.
Small variation will effect the cost of the part
• requires precise manufacturing.
• requires inspection and the rejection of
parts
91
7.1 SYMBOLS AND ITS
CHARACTERISTICS

JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

92
7.1 SYMBOLS AND ITS
CHARACTERISTICS

93
7.1 SYMBOLS AND ITS
CHARACTERISTICS

94
7.1 SYMBOLS AND ITS
CHARACTERISTICS

JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

95
7.1 SYMBOLS AND ITS
CHARACTERISTICS

JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

96
98
JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

103
JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

104
JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

105
JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

106
JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

107
JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

108
JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

109
JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

110
JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

111
JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

112
JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

113
JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

114
JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

115
JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

116
JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

117
JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

118
JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

119
JULIUS M PAPELLERO
LTC (OS)
PA
COMMANDANT

120