INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS

JOSHIKA DOHAREY
PRN 16010126455
 INTRODUCTION
• The idea of human rights suggests that "if the public discourse of peacetime
global society can be said to have a common moral language, it is that of
human rights".

• International Human Rights law is the body of international law made to

encourage the rights on social, regional, and domestic levels.

• It consists of treaties, agreements between sovereign states intended to have

binding legal effect between the parties that have agreed to them;
and customary international law.
 SOME OF THE MOST SIGNIFICANT INCLUDE
THE FOLLOWING:
1. The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of
Genocide (CPCG) (adopted 1948 and entered into force in 1951);
2. The Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees (CSR)
(adopted in 1951 and entered into force in 1954);
3. The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial
Discrimination (CERD) (adopted in 1965 and entered into force in
1969);
4. The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination
Against Women (CEDAW) (entered into force in 1981);
5. The United Nations Convention Against Torture (CAT) (adopted
in 1984 and entered into force in 1987);
6. The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) (adopted
in 1989 and entered into force in 1990);
7. The International Convention on the Protection of the Rights
of All Migrant Workers and Members of their
Families (ICRMW) (adopted in 1990 and entered into force
in 2003);
8. The Convention on the Rights of Persons with
Disabilities (CRPD) (entered into force on 3 May 2008); and
9. The International Convention for the Protection of All
Persons from Enforced Disappearance (ICPPED) (adopted
in 2006 and entered into force in 2010).
 INTERNATIONAL BILL OF HUMAN
RIGHTS
• The International Bill of Human Rights was the name given to UN
General Assembly Resolution 217 (III) and two international treaties
established by the United Nations.

• It consists of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (adopted in

1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, with its two
Optional Protocols and the International Covenant on Economic and the
Social and Cultural Rights.

• The two covenants entered into force in 1976, after a sufficient number of
countries had ratified them.
 December 1947 the 1948
DRAFTING COMMITTEE 2 Commission chose to apply General assembly
REPORTS PLAN the expression "Universal
Bill of Human Rights"
arranged the bill to
incorporate

GENERAL
STANDARDS / one on the
GAUGES OF revelation, UDHR
HUMAN RIGHTS

characterizing
one on the show ONE CONVENANT
explicit rights and
(which it renamed
their AND PROPOTIONS
"contract")
confinements OF USAGE.

and one on usage.

• The Commission revised the draft declaration at its third session, in
May/June 1948, taking into consideration comments received from
Governments.

• The declaration was therefore submitted through the United Nations

Economic and Social Council to the General Assembly, meeting in Paris.

• Later the draft covenant was divided in two, differing with both catalogue
of rights and degree of obligations – for example, the ICESCR refers to the
"progressive realisation" of the rights it contains.

• In 1998 it was hailed as "A Magna Carta for all humanity".

 JURISDICTION
• The International Court of Justice is the United Nations' primary
judiciary body. It has worldwide jurisdiction. It is directed by
the Security Council. The ICJ settles disputes between nations.

• The International Criminal Court is the body responsible for

investigating and punishing war crimes, and Crimes against
humanity when such occur within its jurisdiction.

• The enforcement of international human rights law is the

responsibility of the nation state; it is the primary responsibility of
the State to make the human rights of its citizens a reality.
REGIONAL SYSTEMS OF INTERNATIONAL
HUMAN RIGHTS LAW
• EUROPE - European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg, , founded in
1949, an international organization with legal personality recognised under
public international law and has observer status with the United Nations.

• AMERICA - The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (the

IACHR) is an autonomous organ of the Organization of American States,
was established in 1979 with the purpose of enforcing and interpreting the
provisions of the American Convention
on Human Rights.
• AFRICA - The African Union (AU), established in 2001 is a supranational
union consisting of fifty-five African states. . The African Commission on
Human and Peoples' Rights (ACHPR) is a quasi-judicial organ of the
African Union tasked with promoting and
protecting human rights and collective
(peoples) rights

• ASIA - The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is a geo-

political and economic organization of 10 countries located in Southeast
Asia, which was formed in 1967. In October 2009, the ASEAN
Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights was inaugurated, and
subsequently, the ASEAN Human Rights Declaration was adopted
unanimously by ASEAN members on 18 November 2012.