PLG 500 Penaakulan Statistik dalam Pendidikan

Statistical Reasoning in Educational Research

Dr Nooraida Yakob
Dr Nor Asniza Ishak
Dr Muzirah Musa
EXAMPLE
independent t-test
• A study was done to compare job stress Data set:
Lecturer Teachers
between two employee groups (lecturers and 25 19
23 24
teachers). Data were solicited from a randomly 23 26
selected sample. 24 25
20 18
1. Test whether the data is normally distributed or 19 21
not? If Yes, proceed with the test. 24 20
22 21
2. State null and alternative hypothesis. 27 24
21 23
3. Does the scores of the dependent variable for
both groups in the population have equal
variance? Explain your answer.
4. What is your decision of this test?
5. State the conclusion based on your decision.
Test using SPSS: Data
1. Test of normality
• The p value for LECTURER is .200 (p > 0.05), then the distribution of
this data is NORMAL.
• The p value for TEACHER is .200 (p > 0.05), then the distribution of
this data is NORMAL.
•
When points form a linear pattern, the distribution is NORMAL.
2. State null and alternative hypothesis.
• Null Hypothesis
There is no statistically significant difference in Job Stress between
LECTURERS and TEACHERS in the population.

• Alternative Hypothesis
There is a statistically significant difference in Job Stress between
LECTURERS and TEACHERS in the population.
3. Does the scores of the dependent variable for both groups in the
population have equal variance? Explain your answer.
4. What is your decision of this test?
Equal variance or not equal variance ?

What is your decision of this test?

Since, the p value is 0.434 (p > 0.05), Since, the p value is 0.546 (p > 0.05), therefore, the null
therefore, the two groups have equal hypothesis is fail to reject. Hence, There is no
variance. significant difference in the mean job stress between
the lecturers and teachers.

State the conclusion based on your decision. • Conclusion:

• Thus, the finding indicated that employment status
has no effect on employee’s jos stress.
 How to write a report/result (APA style)

• An independent t-test was performed comparing the mean job

stress between the two employee groups (lecturers and
teachers). The result revealed that the mean job stress of
lecturer (M= 22.8, SD=2.39) and teachers (M= 22.1, SD=2.69)
are significantly not difference t(18)=0.615, p > 0.05.
• An independent t-test was performed comparing the mean
job stress between the two employee groups (lecturers and
teachers). The result revealed that the mean job stress of
lecturer (M= 22.8, SD=2.39) and teachers (M= 22.1, SD=2.69)
are significantly not difference t(18)=0.615, p > 0.05.
Thus, the finding indicated that employment status has no
effect on employee’s jos stress.
Thank you