Acid rain

PLAN

Introduction Conclusion
What is acid rain?  What is being done to 
reduce acid rain
 Forms of acid rain  What are the effects of 
What are the causes
 
Formation of acid rain  acid rain 
 of acid rain

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Introduction

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 What is acid rain ?  

Acid rain, or acid deposition, is a broad

term that includes any form of
precipitation with acidic components, such
as sulfuric or nitric acid that fall to the
ground from the atmosphere in wet or dry
forms.

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 Forms of acid rain

Wet Deposition :

The sulfuric and nitric acids formed in the

atmosphere fall to the ground mixed with
rain, snow, fog, or hail.

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 Forms of acid rain deposition

Dry Deposition :

•Dry deposition refers to acidic gases and particles

that can deposited in the atmosphere in the
absence of moisture as dry deposition.

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    The difference between acid rain and normal rain 

Normal rain water is naturally acidic with

pH=5.6 .

Acid rain has a pH of less than 5.6.

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 How acid rain is formed :

1- Acid rain results when sulfur dioxide (SO2) and

nitrogen oxides (NOX) are emitted into the atmosphere
and transported by wind.

2- The SO2 and NOX react with water, oxygen and other
chemicals to form sulfuric and nitric acids.

3- These then mix with water and other materials

before falling to the ground.

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 Chemical process

 Chemical reactions : Sulfur dioxide

Hydrogen ions make a solution acidic

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 Chemical process

 Chemical reactions : nitrogen oxides

Hydrogen ions make a solution acidic

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Formation of acid deposition :

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 What are the causes of acid rain 

I- Natural sources

Emissions from volcanoes and from

biological processes that occur on the land,
in wetlands,and in the oceans contribute
acid-producing gases to the atmosphere .

Lightning that strikes naturally produces

nitric oxides that react with water
molecules via electrical activity to produce
nitric acid, thereby forming acid rain.

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 What are the causes of acid rain 

II- Man-made sources
-Human activities, like factories, power
generations facilities, and automobiles
leading to chemical gas emissions such as
sulfur and nitrogen are the primary
contributors to acid rain.

-Burning coal,Oil and natural gas, in

power station makes electrecity ,giving off
sulfur dioxide gas .
SO2 Emissions NOx Emissions

                       
 What are the effects of acid rain 

1- Effects on Human Health :

Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide
gases,causes respiratory diseases like
asthma,chronic bronchitis ,etc.

Tiny particles cause difficulty in

breathing for humans and animals and also
lead to permanent damage .
 What are the effects of acid rain 

2- Effects on Architecture and Buildings :

Irreplaceable damage can be caused to the

old heritage buildings, specially those
constructed with limestone, react with the
minerals and corrode them away.
 What are the effects of acid rain 

3- Effects on Surface Water and aquatic Animals :

 Acid rain causes lower pH and high

aluminum concentration in surface water that
causes damages to fish and aquatic animals.
 What are the effects of acid rain 

4- Effects on trees

 Trees can also suffer from stunted growth , and

have damaged bark and leaves ,which makes them
vulnerable to weather and insects.
 What are the solutions of acid rain 

 Using ‘scrubbers’ in the chimneys of industrial

power plants, which are chemical filters that
reduces/remove the amount of impurities such as
sulphur oxides released through the smoke by 80-95
%.
 What are the solutions of acid rain 

Using catalytic converters into
exhaust pipes of vehicle’s to reduces the
amount of Nitrogen oxides emitted into
the atmosphere .
 What are the solutions of acid rain 

Using public transport , can help us save

fuel and gas ,as well as reduce the adverse
effects .
 What are the solutions of acid rain 

Using renewable energy like wind power , solar panels ,tidal

and geothermal energy.
 What are the solutions of acid rain 

 Government needs to spend more

money on pollution control and should
made international agreements to prevent
trans-boundary air pollution .

Governments need to invest in

researching different ways to produce
energy.
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Thank you for your attention