REVIEW

ACTIVITY: 4 PICS, 1 WORD

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 Cultural Evolution
• It refers to the changes
or development in
cultures from a simple
form to a more complex
form of human culture.
• Scientist study the
cultural evolution of
humans by analyzing
the changes in the
latter’s way of life.
Paleolithic Society vs.
Neolithic Society
Two Very Different Stone Age Periods
 Paleolithic vs. Neolithic

Paleolithic Age = “Old Stone Age”

2.5 million –12,000 B.C.E.

Neolithic Age = “New StoneAge”

Neolithic/Agricultural Revolution!
12,000 –4,000B.C.E.

What new technology do you think ends Neolithic Age?

 Paleolithic
Food Sources

Hunting and Gathering

Hunting animals

Gathering plants, roots, nuts and berries

Nomadic –Constantly migrating in search of food, water

 Paleolithic
Shelter
Temporary!
Tents, caves

Skin, grass or mud-covered huts

 Paleolithic
Population
Small kinship clans of 20-60 people

Usually extended family

Why small groups?

Hunting & gathering can’t produce enough food for
large pop.
 Paleolithic
Clothing
Animal skins
 Paleolithic
Resources
Used resources (materials) from their surroundings

Developed oral language.

Impact?

Learned how to make & use fire!!

Improved hunting, protection, warmth
 Paleolithic
Occupation
Hunt and gather

Finding enough food to survive

Created “Cave art”

http://www.lascaux.culture.fr/?lng=en#/en/00.xml
Lascaux Cave Paintings
France –16,000 yearsago
Lascaux Cave Paintings
France –16,000 years ago

http://www.lascaux.culture.fr/index.php?lng=e
n#/en/02_00.xml
 What do you think?

What do you think the occupational

nature of the Paleolithic Period
meant for technological advances?

How do you think this might change

when people start farming?
The Neolithic Revolution!
Farming Develops Causes of the
in Many Places Agricultural Revolution
Farming develops in
different regions at about Rising temps = longer growing
the same time. seasons

Mesopotamia Caused pop. increase

Egypt
India Steady food source was
China needed
Americas People begin to farm
Neolithic Revolution

Domestication of Animals Early Farming Methods

Domestication= taming of Slash and Burn Farming = cut

animals trees & grasses and burned
them to clear the fields
dogs, sheep, goats, pigs,
cattle - dairying Ashes fertilized the soil
Farming Develops Causes of the
in Many Places Agricultural Revolution

Neolithic
Revolution
Domestication of Animals Early Farming Methods
 Neolithic
Food Sources
Farming and domestication of animals!

Agricultural & pastoral societies

Reliable food source

 What do you think?

What do you think the impact will be on Neolithic

shelter and population?
 Neolithic
Shelter
Permanent!
Clay or mud-brick houses
 Neolithic
Population
Much larger populations

Villages and small towns

Farming & domestication supports large pops.

 Neolithic
Clothing
Woven cloth

Wool and cotton

Jewelry
 Neolithic
Resources
Extensive local trade and barter
Traveling farther for materials

Used advanced tools

Obsidian (volcanic) glass = important
material
 What do you think?

Why do you think trade was able to expand so

rapidly during the Neolithic Age?
 Neolithic
Occupations
Farming, herding, trading
Artisanship –making things
Weaving, pottery, tool-making
Specialization of Labor!
People doing specific jobs
 Improvements in agricultural
production, trade, and transportation
 Pottery
How did it improve life?
 Plows
How did it improve life?
Early

Later
 Woven textiles
How did it improve life?
 Metallurgy
How did it improve life?
Wheels and Wheeled Vehicles
How did it improve life?
MAN’S CULTURAL EVOLUTION

Cultural Period Cultural

Development

Paleolithic
Age

Neolithic Age
CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN
SOCIETY
1. It is a social system
2. Society is relatively large
3. A society recruits most of its members
from within
4. A society sustains itself across
generations
5. A society’s members share a culture
6. A society occupies a territory
TYPES OF SOCIETIES

1. HUNTING AND FOOD GATHERING SOCIETIES

 The earliest form of human society

 People survived by seeking for vegetable foods,
fishing, hunting larger wild animals and collecting
shellfish.
 They subsisted from day to day on whatever was
available.
 They used tools made of stones, woods and
bones.
TYPES OF SOCIETIES
2. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES
People learned to use human muscle power and handheld tools to cultivate fields
Classified as subsistence farming and surplus farming

SUBSISTENCE FARMING: SURPLUS FARMING:

 Involves only producing food to feed  Practiced in thickly populated and

the group. permanent settlements.
 The settlements are small.  There was occupational
 Neighborhood is solid. specialization with prestige
 Political organization is confined in differences
the village.
 Authority is based on positions
inherited by males through the
kinship system.
TYPES OF SOCIETIES

3. PASTORAL SOCIETIES
 It relied on herding and the domestication of animals for
food and clothing to satisfy the greater needs of the
group.
 Most pastoralists were nomads who followed their
herds in a never-ending quest for pasture and water.
 It was organized along male-centered kinship groups.
TYPES OF SOCIETIES

4. AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES
 These societies were characterized by the use of the plow in farming.
 Creation of the irrigation system provided farming enough surplus for the
community
 Ever-growing populations came together in broad river valley system.
 Those who controlled access to land and its use became rich and powerful
since they could demand the payment of taxes and political support.
 By taxing the bulk of agriculture surplus, the political leaders could make
bureaucracies implement their plans and armies to protect their
privileges.
 Social classes became entrenched, and the state evolved.
TYPES OF SOCIETIES

5. INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES
 It constitutes an entirely new form of society that
requires an immense , mobile diversity specialized, high
skilled and well coordinated labor force.
 Creates a highly organized systems of exchange between
suppliers of raw materials and industrial manufacturers.
 Industrial societies are highly secularized.
The predominant form of social and political organization in
industrial societies is the bureaucracy
TYPES OF SOCIETIES

6. POST-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES

 It depends on specialized knowledge to

bring about continuing progress in
technology.
 It is characterized by the spread of
computer industries
 Knowledge and information are the
hallmarks of this society